Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term v5 - Grade 4

Lesson Video

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Performance objectives

• Read and interpret a calendar.
• Use a timeline to order events.
• Calculate time durations in hours and minutes.
• Solve simple word problems about time.

Lesson summary

This week, we're diving into the world of time and calendars! Understanding time and calendars is super important for everyday life, from knowing when to catch the Putco bus to school, planning a birthday party for your friend, or figuring out how long it will take to braai a delicious boerewors. In South Africa, we use time and calendars to organize everything from school holidays to national events like Heritage Day. It helps us stay on schedule, plan activities, and understand the flow of days, weeks, months, and years. This week we will focus on reading and interpreting calendars, using timelines, and calculating time durations within days.

Lesson notes

2.1 Calendars A calendar is a way to organize and track days, weeks, and months in a year. It shows us what day of the week a particular date falls on. Most calendars start with Sunday and end with Saturday. The months of the year, in order, are: January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, and December. Each month has a different number of days (28, 29, 30, or 31).

Remember this rhyme: Thirty days hath September, April, June, and November; All the rest have thirty-one, Excepting February alone, Which hath but twenty-eight days clear And twenty-nine in each leap year.* A leap year happens every four years, adding an extra day to February.

Example 1: Let's say you're looking at a calendar for August

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4. August always has 31 days. If August 1st is a Thursday, then August 8th is the following Thursday, August 15th is the Thursday after that, and so on. You can easily find out what day of the week your birthday is by looking at a calendar.

Example 2: A soccer tournament starts on the 14th of July and ends on the 28th of July. How many days does the tournament last?

Solution: The tournament lasts from the 14th inclusive to the 28th inclusive. To calculate this, we subtract: 28 - 14 =

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4. Then we add one to include the starting day, giving us a total of 15 days. The tournament lasts for 15 days. 2.2 Timelines A timeline is a visual way to represent events in the order they happened. It's a line marked with dates or times, showing when things occurred.

Example 1: Let's create a timeline for a typical school day: 7:00 AM: Wake up 7:30 AM: Eat breakfast 8:00 AM: Leave for school 8:30 AM: School starts 10:30 AM: Break time 1:00 PM: Lunch time 3:00 PM: School ends On a timeline, you'd draw a line and mark each of these events in the correct order, showing the progression of the day.

Example 2: Zola started building his sandcastle at 10:15 A

M. He finished it at 11:45 A

M. How long did it take him to build his sandcastle?

Solution: First, calculate the minutes from 10:15 AM to 11:00 A

M. This is 45 minutes. Then, calculate the time from 11:00 AM to 11:45 A

M. This is 45 minutes.

Add the two: 45 minutes + 45 minutes = 90 minutes. Since 60 minutes equals one hour, 90 minutes is equal to 1 hour and 30 minutes. It took Zola 1 hour and 30 minutes to build his sandcastle. 2.3 Calculating Time Durations To calculate time durations, we need to understand that: 60 seconds = 1 minute 60 minutes = 1 hour 24 hours = 1 day 7 days = 1 week Example 1: A movie starts at 2:30 PM and ends at 4:15 P

M. How long is the movie?

Solution: From 2:30 PM to 3:00 PM is 30 minutes.

From 3:00 PM to 4:00 PM is 1 hour.

From 4:00 PM to 4:15 PM is 15 minutes. So, the total duration is 30 minutes + 1 hour + 15 minutes = 1 hour and 45 minutes.

Example 2: You start your homework at 5:45 PM and finish it at 7:00 P

M. How long did you spend doing homework?

Solution: From 5:45 PM to 6:00 PM is 15 minutes.

From 6:00 PM to 7:00 PM is 1 hour. So, the total duration is 15 minutes + 1 hour = 1 hour and 15 minutes. Guided Practice (With Solutions)

Question 1: Thando's birthday is on the 23rd of April. If April 1st is a Monday, what day of the week is Thando's birthday?

Solution: Since April 1st is a Monday, we can count forward by weeks. April 8th is also a Monday (1 week later). April 15th is a Monday (2 weeks later). April 22nd is a Monday (3 weeks later).

Therefore, April 23rd (the day after April 22nd) is a Tuesday. Thando's birthday is on a Tuesday.

Question 2: Use a timeline to show the following events: 9:00 AM: Arrive at school 11:00 AM: Math lesson 12:30 PM: Lunch Break 2:00 PM: Reading time How much time passes between arriving at school and the math lesson?

Solution: [Draw a simple timeline here with the events listed in order] The time between 9:00 AM and 11:00 AM is 2 hours.

Question 3: A soccer match starts at 3:15 PM and ends at 4:45 P

M. How long is the soccer match?

Solution: From 3:15 PM to 4:00 PM is 45 minutes.

From 4:00 PM to 4:45 PM is 45 minutes. So, the total duration is 45 minutes + 45 minutes = 90 minutes, which is equal to 1 hour and 30 minutes. The soccer match is 1 hour and 30 minutes long.

Question 4: Sipho starts reading his book at 6:30 PM and reads for 45 minutes. What time does he finish reading?

Solution: From 6:30 PM to 7:00 PM is 30 minutes. He reads for another 15 minutes (45 - 30 = 15). So, he finishes reading at 7:15 PM. Independent Practice (Questions Only) Using a calendar, find out what day of the week Christmas Day (December 25th) will be next year. Your family is planning a trip to Durban.

You leave Johannesburg at 8:00 AM and the drive takes 6 hours and 30 minutes. What time will you arrive in Durban?

A bakery opens at 7:00 AM and closes at 5:00 PM. How many hours is the bakery open each day?