Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term v5 - Grade 4

Lesson Video

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Performance objectives

• Read time on analogue and digital clocks.
• Convert between different units of time.
• Use calendars to find dates and calculate time between dates.
• Solve simple word problems about time.

Lesson summary

This week, we delve into the fascinating world of time and calendars. Understanding time is incredibly important in our daily lives in South Africa, from knowing when to catch the taxi to school to planning for important cultural celebrations like Heritage Day or coordinating load shedding schedules. Calendars help us organise our lives, keep track of important dates, and understand the passage of time throughout the year. This knowledge empowers us to be punctual, organized, and prepared for events and deadlines. It’s also crucial for understanding historical events and planning for the future.

Lesson notes

Analogue Clocks: An analogue clock uses hands to show the time. The short hand is the hour hand, and the long hand is the minute hand. Some analogue clocks also have a second hand, which is usually thinner and moves quickly. There are 12 numbers on an analogue clock, representing the 12 hours in a day. Each number also represents 5 minutes (when looking at the minute hand).

Example:* If the hour hand is pointing directly at the 3 and the minute hand is pointing directly at the 12, the time is 3:

0

0. If the hour hand is pointing just past the 3 and the minute hand is pointing at the 6, the time is 3:30 (because 6 x 5 = 30 minutes).

Digital Clocks: A digital clock displays the time using numbers.

The format is usually hours:minutes, for example, 10:

4

5. Sometimes, a digital clock also shows seconds.

Example:* 14:00 on a digital clock is the same as 2:00 PM (12 + 2 = 14). We can tell this is in the afternoon because it's after 12:

0

0. If it said 02:00, that would be 2:00 A

M. Units of Time: 60 seconds = 1 minute 60 minutes = 1 hour 24 hours = 1 day 7 days = 1 week Approximately 4 weeks = 1 month Approximately 30/31 days = 1 month (February has 28 or 29 days) 12 months = 1 year 365 days = 1 year (366 days in a leap year)

Converting Time: To convert between units, we use multiplication and division.

Example 1:* How many minutes are in 3 hours? 1 hour = 60 minutes 3 hours = 3 x 60 minutes = 180 minutes Example 2:* How many hours are in 120 minutes? 60 minutes = 1 hour 120 minutes = 120 ÷ 60 hours = 2 hours Calendars: A calendar shows the days, weeks, and months in a year. Calendars help us keep track of important dates like birthdays, holidays, and school terms. Each month has a different number of days, but the order of the months remains the same each year.

Example:* If today is the 5th of July, and your birthday is on the 20th of July, there are 15 days until your birthday (20 - 5 = 15).

AM and PM: AM stands for ante meridiem (before midday) and refers to the hours between midnight and noon. PM stands for post meridiem (after midday) and refers to the hours between noon and midnight.

Example:* 8:00 AM is in the morning, and 8:00 PM is in the evening. Guided Practice (With Solutions)

Question 1: What time is it if the hour hand is between the 4 and 5, and the minute hand is on the 6?

Solution: The hour hand is between the 4 and 5, which means it is after 4 o'clock. The minute hand is on the 6, which means it is 30 minutes past the hour (6 x 5 = 30).

Therefore, the time is 4:

3

0. Question 2: How many minutes are there in 2 and a half hours?

Solution: First, convert the whole hours into minutes: 2 hours x 60 minutes/hour = 120 minutes. Then, convert the half hour into minutes: ½ hour = 30 minutes.

Add the two together: 120 minutes + 30 minutes = 150 minutes.

Therefore, there are 150 minutes in 2 and a half hours.

Question 3: If today is the 12th of August, and your school holiday starts on the 25th of August, how many days until your holiday?

Solution: Subtract the current date from the holiday date: 25 - 12 = 13 days.

Therefore, there are 13 days until your school holiday.

Question 4: Convert 300 seconds into minutes.

Solution: We know that 60 seconds = 1 minute. To convert seconds to minutes, we divide the number of seconds by 60: 300 seconds ÷ 60 seconds/minute = 5 minutes.

Therefore, 300 seconds is equal to 5 minutes. Independent Practice (Questions Only) What time is shown on an analogue clock if the hour hand is pointing directly at the 9 and the minute hand is pointing directly at the 12? Convert 5 hours into minutes. How many days are there in the month of June?

If it is 7:15 AM, what time will it be in 3 hours?

If a movie starts at 2:30 PM and ends at 4:00 PM, how long is the movie in minutes? How many weeks are there in 21 days? Convert 180 minutes into hours. If today is the 3rd of October, and your friend's birthday is on the 28th of October, how many days until their birthday? Convert 6 minutes into seconds.

Sipho started playing soccer at 10:00 AM and played for 1 hour and 45 minutes. What time did he finish playing?