Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term v3 - Senior Secondary 2
Volley ball
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Volley ball
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Subject: Physical Education
Class: Senior Secondary 2
Term: 1st Term
Week: 7
Theme: Theory And Practice Of Athletics, Games And Dances
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draw the diagram of the volley ball court demonstrate the basic skills in volley ball state the rules and regulations of volley ball. list the equipment needed for volley ball game
This section provides comprehensive explanations of the core concepts related to Volley ball, necessary for effective teaching.
A. Definition and Brief History: Volley ball is a team sport played by two teams over a net, where each team tries to score points by grounding a ball on the opposing team's side of the court. It was invented in 1895 by William G. Morgan in the United States, originally named "Mintonette," as a less strenuous alternative to basketball for older members of the YMCA. The game quickly gained popularity and evolved into the dynamic sport known today.
B. Volley ball Court Diagram and Dimensions: A standard Volley ball court is a rectangular playing area with specific dimensions and markings.
Dimensions: Length: 18 meters (59 feet)
Width: 9 meters (29.5 feet)
Lines: Boundary Lines: These are 5 cm (2 inches) wide.
End Lines (Back Lines): Mark the 9-meter width at the back of the court.
Side Lines: Mark the 18-meter length at the sides of the court. All lines are part of the playing area.
Centre Line: Divides the court into two 9m x 9m halves. It runs directly under the net. Players are generally not allowed to step completely over this line into the opponent's court during play.
Attack Lines (3-meter lines): Drawn 3 meters (9 feet 10 inches) from the centre line on each side of the court. These lines delineate the "front court" (attack zone) and "back court" (defense zone). Back-row players are restricted from attacking the ball from within the attack zone if the ball is entirely above the top of the net, unless they jump from behind the attack line.
Net: Height: Men's and Senior Boys' (SS2): 2.43 meters (7 feet 11 5/8 inches)
Women's and Senior Girls' (SS2): 2.24 meters (7 feet 4 1/8 inches)
Width: 1 meter (3 feet 3 inches)
Length: 9.5 – 10 meters (31.2 – 32.8 feet)
Antennas: Vertical rods (1.8m long, 10mm diameter) fixed to the net's outer edge, directly above the side lines. They extend 80cm above the net and define the legal crossing space for the ball.
C. Basic Skills in Volley ball:
1. Serving: The act of putting the ball into play.
Underhand Serve: Stance: Stand facing the net, dominant foot slightly back, holding the ball in the non-dominant hand.
Action: Toss the ball slightly in front of the hitting arm. Swing the dominant arm in a pendulum motion, making contact with the heel of the hand or fist on the bottom-back of the ball. Follow through towards the net. Aim for consistency and accuracy. Overhand Serve (e.g., Floater Serve): Stance: Stand facing the net, non-dominant foot forward, holding the ball in the non-dominant hand at shoulder height.
Toss: Toss the ball high, 1-2 feet above and slightly in front of the hitting shoulder.
Action: Step forward with the dominant foot. Swing the hitting arm upward and forward, making contact with the flat, open palm of the hand on the center-back of the ball. Maintain a stiff wrist. The goal is a "no-spin" ball that floats unpredictably. Follow through briefly.
2. Passing/Receiving (Underhand Pass / Bump): Used to receive serves, spikes, or other hard-driven balls.
Stance: Ready position – knees bent, feet shoulder-width apart, arms relaxed in front.
Platform Creation: Join hands by placing one palm over the other, thumbs side-by-side, then extend arms straight and lock elbows. The contact area is the flat part of the forearms.
Action: Move quickly to get under the ball. Bend knees deeply, angle platform towards the target (setter). Absorb the ball with the forearms, driving upwards with the legs, without swinging the arms significantly. Control is key, not power.
3. Setting (Overhead Pass): Used to direct the ball to an attacker, typically the second contact in a rally.
Stance: Get under the ball, facing the target. Feet shoulder-width apart, knees bent, back straight.
Hand Position: Form a "triangle" or "diamond" shape with thumbs and forefingers, holding hands above the forehead. Fingers should be spread and can reach over the net to block or follow through on an attack, but cannot interfere with the opponent's play before they make their third contact.
Back-row Attack: Back-row players (those behind the attack line) cannot jump and attack the ball from in front of the attack line if the ball is entirely above the top of the net. They must jump from behind the attack line.
7. Ball Out of Bounds: The ball is out of bounds if it lands outside the court boundary lines, touches an antenna, or passes outside the antennas.
8. Team Time-outs: Each team is allowed two 30-second time-outs per set.
E. Equipment Needed for Volley ball Game:
1. Volley ball: Material: Spherical, made of synthetic leather or similar material.
Circumference: 65-67 cm (25.5-26.5 inches)
Weight: 260-280 grams (9-10 ounces)
Colour: Uniform light color or a combination of colors.
2. Net: As specified above (1m wide, 9.5-10m long).
3. Net Posts: Sturdy poles to hold the net securely at the correct height.
4. Court: A designated playing area with the specified dimensions and lines, often marked on a hard surface or sand.
5. Antennas: As specified above, attached to the net.
6. Optional Equipment: Knee pads: For protection during dives and falls.
Specialized Volley ball shoes: For grip and ankle support.
Uniforms: For team identification and professional appearance.
Scoreboard: To keep track of points and sets. * Whistle: For referees. --- get under the ball. Bend knees deeply, angle platform towards the target (setter). Absorb the ball with the forearms, driving upwards with the legs, without swinging the arms significantly. Control is key, not power.
3. Setting (Overhead Pass): Used to direct the ball to an attacker, typically the second contact in a rally.
Stance: Get under the ball, facing the target. Feet shoulder-width apart, knees bent, back straight.
Hand Position: Form a "triangle" or "diamond" shape with thumbs and forefingers, holding hands above the forehead. Fingers should be spread and relaxed, ready to cup the ball.
Action: Contact the ball with the pads of the fingers (not palms). Extend arms and legs simultaneously to push the ball upwards and forwards towards the attacker. Absorb the ball briefly then push. Follow through towards the target.
4. Spiking/Attacking: The offensive act of hitting the ball forcefully into the opponent's court.
Approach: Take 3-4 quick, powerful steps towards the net, building momentum.
Jump: Explode upwards, bringing both arms back then swinging them forward and up for maximum height.
Arm Swing: Reach high, contacting the ball slightly in front of the hitting shoulder with an open, stiff hand. Snap the wrist downwards upon contact to create topspin and drive the ball down.
Follow-through: Land softly, ready for the next play.
5. Blocking: A defensive action at the net to prevent the opponent's attack from crossing.
Position: Stand close to the net, ready to jump.
Timing: Anticipate the attacker's approach and jump simultaneously.
Hand Position: Extend arms straight up, fingers spread and rigid, pushing hands slightly over the net (without touching the net). Form a "roof" to deflect the ball.
Eyes: Watch the attacker's shoulders and ball.
D. Rules and Regulations of Volley ball:
1. Teams and Players: Each team consists of 6 players on the court at any time. A maximum of 12 players per team are allowed on the roster.
2. Scoring: Rally Scoring: A point is awarded on every rally, regardless of which team served.
Sets: Matches are typically played as best of three or best of five sets.
Winning a Set: A team wins a set by being the first to reach 25 points with a minimum two-point advantage over the opponent (e.g., 25-23, not 25-24). Deciding Set (e.g., 5th set): Often played to 15 points with a two-point advantage.
3. Serving: The serving player must stand behind the end line. The ball must be tossed or released before being hit for service. The server only has one attempt to serve legally. The served ball cannot touch any player of the serving team before crossing the net.
4. Contacts: Each team is allowed a maximum of three touches (not including a block) to return the ball over the net. A player cannot hit the ball twice in succession (unless the first contact was a block). The ball may contact any part of the body above the waist.
Legal Contact: A contact where the ball is hit cleanly and not caught, thrown, or carried (a "held ball" or "lift").
Double Hit: Occurs when a player contacts the ball twice in immediate succession (e.g., passing with hands separated).
5. Rotation: When a team wins the serve back from the opponent, its players must rotate one position clockwise. This ensures every player gets to serve and play in all positions.
6. Net Play: Players cannot touch the net during play. Touching the net is a foul. Players can reach over the net to block or follow through on an attack, but cannot interfere with the opponent's play before they make their third contact.
Back-row Attack: Back-row players (those behind the attack line) cannot jump and attack the ball from in front of the attack line if the ball is entirely above the top of the net. They must jump from behind the attack line.
7. Ball Out of Bounds: The ball is out of bounds if it lands outside the court boundary lines, touches an antenna, or passes Phase 1: Introduction and Court Diagram (20 minutes)
Teacher Activity: Begin by eliciting prior knowledge of team sports from students (e.g., football, basketball). Introduce Volley ball as a dynamic team sport. Use a large diagram/chart of a Volley ball court or draw a simplified version on the board. Clearly explain and label each part of the court (side lines, end lines, centre line, attack lines, net, antennas) and state their precise dimensions (length, width, net height for men/women, attack line distance). Emphasize the importance of the lines in defining legal play.
Student Activity: Actively listen and observe the diagram. Ask clarifying questions about the court layout and dimensions. Take notes and attempt to sketch the basic court layout with key dimensions in their notebooks.
Phase 2: Basic Skills Demonstration and Practice (45 minutes – ideally practical session)
Teacher Activity: Warm-up: Lead students through a general warm-up focused on dynamic stretches, light cardio, and joint mobility relevant to Volley ball (e.g., arm circles, knee raises, ankle rotations).
Skill Introduction: Introduce each basic skill one by one: Serving (underhand, overhand), Passing (underhand), Setting (overhead), Spiking, and Blocking.
Demonstration: Verbally explain the mechanics of each skill, then clearly demonstrate it multiple times. If possible, use visual aids (pictures, short video clips) or invite a capable student to assist with demonstrations.
Drill Setup: Organize students into small groups or pairs. Provide specific drills for each skill.
Serving:* Practice against a wall or into a designated area.
Passing:* Partner drills, bumping the ball back and forth, or against a wall.
Setting:* Self-setting, partner setting drills (stationary, then moving).
Spiking:* Practice approach and arm swing without a ball, then with a soft toss from a partner.
Blocking:* Practice jumping at the net, hand positioning, and timing with a partner simulating an attack.
Feedback: Circulate among groups, observing student technique, providing constructive feedback, and correcting errors.
Student Activity: Participate actively in the warm-up. Observe teacher demonstrations carefully. Practice each skill according to the drills provided, focusing on correct technique. Offer peer feedback and encouragement within their groups. Ask for clarification or further demonstration when unsure.
Phase 3: Rules and Regulations & Equipment (25 minutes)
Teacher Activity: Facilitate a discussion on the importance of rules in sports. Systematically explain the key rules and regulations (e.g., number of players, scoring, rally scoring, number of contacts, rotation, net fouls, back-row attack restrictions, service rules, legal contact). Use simple scenarios to illustrate rule applications. Explain the various pieces of equipment required for a Volley ball game (ball specifications, net, posts, antennas, court markings). Show actual equipment if available or use pictures/diagrams.
Student Activity: Listen attentively and take notes on the rules and equipment. Participate in a Q&A session, posing questions about specific rule interpretations. Discuss hypothetical game scenarios and identify potential fouls. List out the equipment in their notebooks.
Phase 4: Consolidation and Wrap-up (10 minutes)
Teacher Activity: Conduct a quick recap of the lesson, asking students to recall key points regarding court dimensions, basic skills, rules, and equipment. Address any remaining questions. Assign revision tasks or preparation for the next practical session.
Student Activity: Participate in the recap, answering questions. Ask any final questions for clarification. Note down any assigned tasks. ---
Health and Fitness Promotion: Playing Volley ball is an excellent way to maintain physical fitness, improve cardiovascular health, develop agility, coordination, and strength. In Nigerian communities and schools, regular participation in Volley ball games helps combat sedentary lifestyles and promotes overall well-being. It can be integrated into school sports programs, community health initiatives, and youth recreational centers, fostering active participation among young Nigerians.
Career Opportunities and Economic Impact: Knowledge and skill in Volley ball can open various career paths in Nigeria. Talented players can aspire to play professionally at national and international levels, representing Nigeria in competitions like the African Games or Olympic qualifiers. Beyond playing, opportunities exist in coaching (from school level to national teams), officiating (referees, line judges for state and national leagues), sports administration, and sports journalism. The sport also has an economic impact through the manufacturing and sale of sports equipment (balls, nets, uniforms), event organization, and sports tourism. Teamwork, Communication, and Social Cohesion: Volley ball inherently demands strong teamwork and communication. Players must cooperate, anticipate each other's moves, and communicate effectively to execute plays. These social skills are highly transferable to various aspects of Nigerian life, fostering better collaboration in academic settings, workplace environments, and community projects. Organizing inter-house sports competitions or community Volley ball tournaments in Nigeria can serve as platforms to build social bonds, promote sportsmanship, and reduce social divides. ---