Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term - Senior Secondary School 3

Term: 1^st Term

Week: 11

Class: Senior Secondary School 3

Age: 17 years

Duration: 40 minutes of 2 periods each

Date:       

Subject:    Agriculture

Topic:-      Aquaculture

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to

1. Define fish farming
2. Explain some terms associated with fish farming
3. State the importance of fish farming
4. Highlight the conditions necessary for siting a fish pond
5. Outline the classes of fishes and give examples of each
6. Discuss the processing and preservation of fish

INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES: Identification, explanation, questions and answers, demonstration, videos from source

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS: Videos, loud speaker, textbook, pictures

INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURES

PERIOD 1-2

PRESENTATION	TEACHER’S ACTIVITY	STUDENT’S ACTIVITY
STEP 1 INTRODUCTION	The teacher reviews the previous lesson on animal diseases	Students pay attention
STEP 2 EXPLANATION	She defines fish farming. She explains some terms associated with fish farming She also states the importance of fish farming	Students pay attention and participates
STEP 3 DEMONSTRATION	She highlights the conditions necessary for siting a fish pond She outlines the classes of fishes and give examples of each She discusses the processing and preservation of fish	Students pay attention and participate
STEP 4 NOTE TAKING	The teacher writes a summarized note on the board	The students copy the note in their books

 

NOTE

AQUACULTURE

Fish farming (aquaculture) is the act of rearing selected species of fish under scientifically controlled conditions in enclosed bodies of water such as pond, streams, rivers etc. where they feed, grow, breed and are harvested for consumption or for sale.

 

Terms associated with fish farming

Fingerlings – The newly hatched fish(es)

Fisheries – This is the study of fish and fishes

Fish – This refers to a particular species, regardless of the number or quantity

Fishes– This refers to the different species of fish

Pond– This is artificial body of water where fish (es) can be reared

Gears–These are equipment used in harvesting fish

Fry- This refers to young fish (es) or baby fish(es)

School– This is a group of fish (es)

Hatchery–This refers to a unit where fish eggs are incubated and

Hatched artificially into fish

Aquarium –This is an artificial fish pond kept for aesthetic or entertainment purposes at home

Aquaculture–This refers to the study and production of fish, shrimps

and other aquatic food organisms.

 

IMPORTANCE OF FISH FARMING

1. Tp provides fish which serves as a source of food e.g. protein to man and livestock
2. It provides a means of increasing the availability of protein to people at reduced cost

3. It provide a means of recycling wastes e.g. animal dungs from farms, factories and sewage disposal system
4. Fish can be processed into fish by products such as fish meal, fish oil, manure and skin
5. It provides employment and income to many people
6. A better use of land and water in our environment is also ensured through fish farming
7. Fish farming is also useful in the area of research work and other educational purposes

 

CONDITIONS OF FACTORS NECESSARY FOR SITING A FISH POND

1. Adequate water supply
2. Soil in the area
3. Vegetation of the area
4. Topography of the area
5. Availability of fast-growing fishes
6. Availability of supplementary feedstuff.

  

CLASSIFICATION OF FISHES

Fishes can be classified into two main groups:

Classification based on fish habitat

1. Fresh water fishes: These fishes live in fresh water i.e. the water does not contain salts. Examples of such fresh water include pond, streams, rivers and lakes. Examples of fishes in this group include     tilapia, carp, perch, trout, mudfish etc.
2. Salt water fish: These fishes live in water containing salt such as lagoons, seas and oceans. Examples of salt water fishes include salmons, mackerel, shark, tilapia, rays, eels, etc.

 

Classification based on body structure

1. Bony fishes: These fishes possess bony skeletons. Examples include tilapias, mudfish, carps, trout, catfish, salmon, perch, and        herring. Majority of these fishes are found in fresh water.
2. Cartilaginous fishes: These fishes possess soft bones composed of cartilages. Majority of these fishes are found in salt water and         examples include shark, dolphin, dogfish, and rays

 

PROCESSING AND PRESERVATION OF FISH

Harvested fish is either consumed, sold or preserved for future use.

Fish processing involves the removal of scales, fins, gut and gills.

The remaining part is than cooked or fried for eating.

By-products of fish processing include

(i) fish meal

(ii) fish scales

(iii) cod liver oil

(iv) fish skin.

 

Fish can be preserved for future use by any of the following ways:

1. Salting: This is the application of salt on the fish. It prevents the growth of spoilage organisms
2. Smoking: This is the drying of fish over naked fire. It reduces he moisture content and increase the taste and flavor of the fish
3. Sun-drying: This involves the drying of fish using heat from the sun. in this process, fish can only be stored for a short time
4. Freezing: This involves the use of cold storage like refrigerators and deep freezers to store fish over a very long time
5. Canning: This involves the storage of processed and consumable fish in cans under special conditions for future consumption e.g. sardine.

 

EVALUATION:   1. Define fish farming

2. Explain some terms associated with fish farming
3. State the importance of fish farming
4. Highlight the conditions necessary for siting a fish pond
5. Outline the classes of fishes and give examples of                    each
6. Discuss the processing and preservation of fish

CLASSWORK: As in evaluation

CONCLUSION: The teacher commends the students positively