Browse through topics for Senior Secondary 3 1st, 2nd and 3rd Terms, All Weeks, All Subjects
Term: 1st Term
Week: 10
Class: Senior Secondary School 3
Age: 17 years
Duration: 40 minutes of 2 periods each
Date:
Subject: Agriculture
Topic:- Animal health management
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to
INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES: Identification, explanation, questions and answers, demonstration, videos from source
INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS: Videos, loud speaker, textbook, pictures
INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURES
PERIOD 1-2
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PRESENTATION |
TEACHER’S ACTIVITY |
STUDENT’S ACTIVITY |
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STEP 1 INTRODUCTION |
The teacher reviews the previous lesson on animal health improvement |
Students pay attention |
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STEP 2 EXPLANATION |
She lists some animal diseases
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Students pay attention and participates |
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STEP 3 DEMONSTRATION |
She states the symptoms, animals affected, methods of transmission and how to control some animal disease
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Students pay attention and participate |
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STEP 4 NOTE TAKING |
The teacher writes a summarized note on the board |
The students copy the note in their books |
NOTE
LIVESTOCK DISEASES
VIRAL DISEASES
Animals affected
They include cattle, sheep and goat.
Causal Organism
It is caused by a virus.
Symptoms:
(i) Formation of blisters on the mucous membrane of the mouth and the skin; between and around the hoofs
(ii) inflammation of teats and udder
(iii) salivation
(iv) lameness
(v) loss of weight
Method of transmission
(i) through infected materials like urine, faeces, milk
(ii) mechanical means by farmers.
Control:
Animals affected
cattle, sheep and goat.
Casual organism
it is caused by virus.
Symptoms:
(i) high fever
(ii) weakness
(iii) difficult breathing
(v) blood stained diarrhea
(vi) high mortality
(vii) loss of appetite and weight.
Method of Transmission
(i) direct contact
(ii) contaminated feed and water
(iii) contaminated faeces and urine.
Control
(i) regular vaccination
(ii) isolation of infected animals
(iii) restriction of infected animals’ movement within the farm.
Animals affected
domestic fowl, turkey, ducks, goose and guinea fowl.
Causal organism
It is caused by a virus
Symptoms
(i) Respiratory symptoms include sneezing, coughing, nasal discharge and difficulty in breathing.
(ii) Nervous symptoms include paralysis, muscular tremor, somersaulting and cycling movements.
(iii) Digestive symptoms include: lack of appetite and diarrhea.
Method of Transmission
(i) through contaminated feed, water, breeds and litter.
Control
(i) vaccination
(ii) proper sanitation
(iii) disinfection of poultry building
(iv) burning and burying of infected birds.
BACTERIAL DISEASE
Animal organism
It is caused by a bacterium called Bacillus anthraxis.
Symptoms
(i) High fever
(ii) depression
(iii) blood oozes from nose, mouth and anus of carcass
(iv) lack of appetite
(v) loss of weight
(vi) Staggering and sudden death of animals.
Method of transmission
Through contaminated feed, water, equipment and infected animals.
Control
(i) Regular vaccination
(ii) proper sanitation
(iii) isolation of infected animals.
Animals affected
Pigs, cattle, sheep and goat
Causal organism
it is caused by a bacterium called brucella abortus or brucella spp.
Symptoms
(i) high fever
(ii) diarrhea and dysentery
(iii) posterior paralysis
(iv) wobbling gait
(v) pre-mature abortions
(vi) still-birth
(vii) retention of the after birth (placenta)
(viii) infertility of male animal
(ix) reduction in milk production and inflammation of scrotum
(x) inflammation of uterus (womb).
Method of transmission
Through contaminated feed, water, infected animals, etc.
Control
(i) isolation of infected animals
(ii) proper sanitation
(iii) regular vaccination.
Animals affected
Cattle, poultry birds, pigs and sheep.
Causal organism
it is caused by bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Symptoms
(i) difficult breathing
(ii) constant coughing
(iii) loss of weight and appetite
(iv) emaciation
(v) paled combs and wattles
(vi) high mortality
(vii) milk reduction
(viii) soft and moist cough.
Method of transmission
(i) through contaminated water, feed, litters and dropping.
Control
(i) Regular vaccination
(ii) slaughter infected animals
(iii) proper sanitation
(iv) isolation of infected animals.
FUNGAL DISEASES
Animals affected
Poultry birds, pigs and cattle.
Causal organism
it is caused by a fungus (Aspergillus fumigates)
Symptoms
(i) difficult breathing
(ii) loss of appetite
(iii) skin irritation
(iv) respiratory disorder
(v) high body temperature
(vi) loss of weight
(v) high body temperature
(vi) loss of weight (emaciation)
Method of transmission
Through contaminated feed (mouldy feed), mouldy litter and contaminated incubator
Control
(i) regular disinfection of pens and equipment
(ii) avoid the use of mouldy feed and litter
(iii) practice good sanitation and hygiene
(iv) spray with fungicides to prevent the growth of fungi spores.
Animals affected
These are pigs, sheep, goat, cattle, rabbit
Causal organism
it is caused by a fungus.
Symptoms
(i) lesions on the skin of farm animals
(ii) skin irritation
(iii) loss of appetite and weight
Method of transmission
This may be through infected animals, contact with infected brushes, feeders and drinkers.
Control
(i) disinfection of all pens and equipment
(ii) infected parts of animals should be treated every two to six days with mixture of sulphur and Vaseline
(iii) old scabby area can be scrapped off and iodine solution applied.
PROTOZOA DISEASES
Animals affected
Resistant breeds of cattle are N’Dama, Muturu and keteku. While susceptible breeds are White Fulani, Red Bororo, Kuri Chad, Sokoto Gudali and Boran.
Causal organism
It is caused by a protozoan called trypanosome spp, e.g., trypanosome vivax, T.congolensis, T.gambiensi.
Symptoms
(i) rise in body temperature
(ii) dullness in appearance
(iii) anaemia
(iv) sleepiness
(v) nervous disorder leading to paralysis and death
(vi) weakness
(vii) loss of weight
(viii) loss of appetite.
Method of transmission:
The disease is spread by blood sucking tsetse fly (Glossina spp) which may such blood from an infected animal and transmit the pathogens to a healthy animal.
Control
(i) clearing of bush around the farm in order to remove the fly’s habitat.
(ii) spraying with insecticides to kill vector (tsetse fly).
(iii) Treatment of infected animals with drugs such as trypanosomide and antimosan.
(iv) Eradication of wild species or animal carriers in and around the ranch or pasture.
(v) Isolating affected animals.
(vi) Biological control of insect vectors.
Animals affected
These are domestic fowl, turkey, duck, goose, rabbit, etc.
Causal organism
It is caused by the protozoa (Eimera spp).
Symptoms
(i) dropping wings
(ii) loss of appetite
(iii) blood stained diarrhea
(iv) emaciation
(v) high mortality
(vi) dullness and unthriftiness
(vii) loss of hair or acopecia (in rabbits)
(viii) rough feathers
(ix) huddling (crowding together).
Control
(i) practice proper sanitation.
(ii) Avoid wet litters and feed.
(iii) Changing of water sued and general disinfection
(iv) use suitable drugs such as amprolium, nitrofurazone or sulphaquinoxaline in water.
Animal affected
These are sheep, goat, cattle and pig.
Causal organism
It is caused by a protozoan called babesia spp.
Symptoms
(i) rise in body temperature
(ii) loss of appetite
(iii) diarrhea
(iv) pale red colour of urine
(v) emaciation and death.
Method of transmission
It is transmitted through the bite of infected animal by a vector called blue tick.
Control
(i) Spray with insecticides to kill the vector of disease (blue tick)
(ii) Inject animal with drugs like trypan blue, babesan or acaprin.
EVALUATION: 1. Explain the meaning and causes of livestock diseases
CLASSWORK: As in evaluation
CONCLUSION: The teacher commends the students positively