Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term - Senior Secondary 3

TERM – 1^ST TERM

WEEK ONE

Class: Senior Secondary School 3

Age: 17 years

Duration: 40 minutes of 5 periods each

Date:

Subject: Biology

Topic: Reproductive system and Reproduction in human

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to

1. Identify the parts and functions of male and female Reproductive system
2. Draw and identify the structure of male and female gametes.

INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES: Identification, explanation, questions and answers,

demonstration, videos from source

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS: Videos, loud speaker, textbook, pictures

INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURES

PERIOD 1-2

NOTE

REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM AND REPRODUCTION IN HUMAN

The following are the parts and functions of the reproductive system in both males and females:

Male Reproductive System:

1. Testes: Produce sperm and testosterone.
2. Epididymis: Stores and transports mature sperm.
3. Vas Deferens: Conducts sperm from the testes to the urethra.
4. Seminal Vesicles: Produce seminal fluid that nourishes and aids sperm motility.
5. Prostate Gland: Produces fluid that enhances sperm viability.
6. Bulbourethral Glands: Secrete a lubricating fluid during sexual arousal.
7. Urethra: Passageway for both semen and urine.
8. Penis: Organ for sexual intercourse; delivers sperm into the female reproductive tract.
9. Scrotum: Houses and protects the testes; helps regulate temperature for sperm production.

 Female Reproductive System:

1. Ovaries: Produce eggs (ova) and hormones (estrogen and progesterone).
2. Fallopian Tubes (Oviducts): Transport eggs from the ovaries to the uterus; site of fertilization.
3. Uterus: Supports embryo development during pregnancy.
4. Cervix: Connects the uterus to the vagina; allows passage of menstrual blood and sperm.
5. Vagina: Birth canal; connects the uterus to the outside of the body.
6. Labia (Majora and Minora): Protect and enclose the external reproductive organs.
7. Clitoris: Sensitive organ involved in sexual arousal.
8. Mammary Glands (Breasts): Produce milk for nourishing offspring during lactation.

Structure of the male Sperm Cell (Spermatozoon):

Sperm usually consist of three morphologically and functionally distinct regions enclosed by a single plasma membrane:

- Head: Contains the nucleus with genetic material (23 chromosomes). It is covered by a cap-like structure called the acrosome, containing enzymes for penetrating the egg.

- Midpiece: Packed with mitochondria providing energy for sperm movement.

- Tail (Flagellum): Propels the sperm forward, aiding its movement toward the egg.

 Female Egg Cell (Ovum or Egg)

The ovum has a large, centrally located nucleus which is covered by cytoplasm. This oocyte nucleus and nucleolus are termed germinal vesicle and germinal disc respectively. Likewise, the cytoplasm (yolk) of an ovum is termed ooplasm. It has less amount of yolk (in humans) and hence it is alecithal.

- Cell Membrane: Outer boundary that protects and encloses the cell.

- Cytoplasm: Contains organelles necessary for cellular functions.

- Nucleus: Holds the genetic material (23 chromosomes).

- Zona Pellucida: Protective layer surrounding the egg, aiding in fertilization.

- Corona Radiata: Layer of cells surrounding the zona pellucida, providing additional protection.

EVALUATION: 1. Identify 4 parts of the male reproductive system

2. Give the functions of the parts mentioned in 1 above
3. Identify 4 parts of the female reproductive system
4. Give the functions of the parts mentioned in 2 above.

CLASSWORK: As in evaluation

CONCLUSION: The teacher commends the students positively