Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term - Senior Secondary 2

TERM – 3^RD TERM

WEEK EIGHT

Class: Senior Secondary School 2

Age: 16 years

Duration: 40 minutes of 5 periods each

Date:

Subject: Geography

Topic: PLANTATION AGRICULTURE IN WEST AND EAST AFRICA

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to

1. Explain plantation agriculture in West and East Africa and state its characteristics.
2. Identify areas as of plantation agriculture in the two regions and explain factors that favour it
3. Enumerate the importance of plantation agriculture in two regions.
4. Examine the problems of plantation agriculture in the two regions and suggest possible solutions

INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES: Identification, explanation, questions and answers,

demonstration, videos from source

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS: Videos, loud speaker, textbook, pictures

INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURES

PERIOD 1-2

NOTE

PLANTATION AGRICULTURE IN WEST AND EAST AFRICA

Plantation agriculture is a large-scale farming system focused on cultivating a single crop, typically for commercial purposes and export. It often involves extensive land areas dedicated to the cultivation of cash crops such as tea, coffee, rubber, sugarcane, or cocoa.

Characteristics of Plantation Agriculture in West and East Africa

1. Monoculture: Focus on cultivating a single crop, often cash crops like rubber, cocoa, or tea.
2. Large Scale: Extensive land areas dedicated to cultivation, with organized and systematic layouts.
3. Capital-Intensive: Relies heavily on machinery, technology, and investments for efficient production.
4. Export-Oriented: Primarily geared towards international markets, contributing to the global economy.
5. Labor Intensive: Requires a significant workforce for tasks like harvesting and processing.

Areas of Plantation Agriculture in West and East Africa

1. Cocoa Plantations: Ghana and Ivory Coast are major producers.
2. Rubber Plantations: Nigeria has significant rubber cultivation.
3. Tea Plantations: Kenya and Tanzania are known for large-scale tea cultivation.
4. Coffee Plantations: Ethiopia and Kenya are key players in coffee production.

Factors Favoring Plantation Agriculture

1. Climate: Suitable tropical climates in both regions for crops like cocoa, coffee, and rubber.
2. Colonial Legacy: Historical influence from colonial powers encouraged the establishment of plantations.
3. Infrastructure: Access to transportation facilitates export of crops.
4. Global Demand: High demand for cash crops in international markets drives cultivation.
5. Investments: Availability of capital for technology, machinery, and efficient farming practices.

Importance of Plantation Agriculture in Two Regions

In West Africa:

1. Economic Contribution: Major source of foreign exchange through exports of cash crops like cocoa and rubber.
2. Employment Opportunities: Provides jobs for a significant portion of the population, contributing to livelihoods.
3. Infrastructure Development: Plantations often lead to the development of transport and processing facilities.

In East Africa:

1. Export Revenue: Key source of income through exports of tea and coffee to international markets.
2. Rural Development: Promotes development in rural areas by creating employment and supporting local economies.
3. Global Market Integration: Connects East African countries to the global economy through cash crop trade.

Problems of Plantation Agriculture in the two regions

1. Environmental Impact: Intensive monoculture can lead to soil degradation and loss of biodiversity.
2. Labor Issues: Exploitative labor practices, poor working conditions, and disputes over wages.
3. Market Dependency: Vulnerability to fluctuations in global commodity prices.

Possible Solutions to the problems of plantation Agriculture

1. Sustainable Practices: Implement agroecological methods to mitigate environmental impacts and promote biodiversity.
2. Labor Rights: Enforce fair labor practices, ensuring decent wages, proper working conditions, and community benefits.
3. Diversification: Encourage crop diversification to reduce dependence on a single commodity and enhance resilience to market fluctuations.
4. Technology Adoption: Invest in modern and sustainable agricultural technologies to increase productivity and reduce environmental impact.

EVALUATION: 1. What is plantation agriculture?

2. Mention 2 importance of plantation agriculture in west Africa and 2 from East Africa.
3. Identify 3 problems of plantation agriculture in West and East Africa.
4. Suggest 4 possible solutions to remedy the problems of plantation agriculture.

CLASSWORK: As in evaluation

CONCLUSION: The teacher commends the students positively