Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term - Senior Secondary School 2

Term: 3^rd Term

Week: 7

Class: Senior Secondary School 2

Age: 16 years

Duration: 40 minutes of 2 periods each

Date:       

Subject:    Agriculture

Topic:-      Rangeland Management

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to

1. Explain the meaning of rangeland
2. State the importance of rangeland
3. Highlight the common grasses and legumes of livestock in pastureland
4. Discuss the factors that affect the levels of productivity of pastures and herbages
5. Outline the characteristics of rangeland

INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES: Identification, explanation, questions and answers, demonstration, videos from source

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS: Videos, loud speaker, textbook, pictures

INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURES

PERIOD 1-2

PRESENTATION	TEACHER’S ACTIVITY	STUDENT’S ACTIVITY
STEP 1 INTRODUCTION	The teacher reviews the previous lesson on animal nutrition	Students pay attention
STEP 2 EXPLANATION	She explains the meaning of rangeland. She states the importance of rangeland. She then highlights the common grasses and legumes of livestock in pastureland	Students pay attention and participates
STEP 3 DEMONSTRATION	She discusses the factors that affect the levels of productivity of pastures and herbages She further outlines the characteristics of rangeland	Students pay attention and participate
STEP 4 NOTE TAKING	The teacher writes a summarized note on the board	The students copy the note in their books

 

NOTE

RANGELAND MANAGEMENT

Rangeland is an area of land covered with grasses, legumes and other herbage where animals especially ruminants can graze.

 

Importance of rangeland

1. It provides food for livestock especially ruminant
2. The grasses and legumes in a rangeland are cut when young and succulent and used to prepare hay or silage
3. It allows animal exercise their body
4. The animals have access to varieties of herbage thus eating balance diet
5. It reduces the cost of feeding farm animals
6. It reduces run-off and soil erosion by increasing infiltration and percolation
7. It helps to build soil fertility through dead plant materials
8. It offers animals the opportunity of mating without supervision by the attendant
9. Legumineaous plants in the rangeland help to fix nitrogen to the soil through their root nodules.

COMMON GRASSES OF LIVESTOCK IN RANGELAND

S/N	COMMON NAMES	BOTANICAL NAME
1.	Elephant Grass	Pennisetum Puripureum
2.	Guinea Grass	Panicum Maximum
3.	Giant Star Grass	Cynodon Plectostacgem
4.	Car Pet Grass	Axonopus compressus
5.	Spear grass	Imperata cylindrical
6.	Bahama grass	Cynodon dactylon
7.	Northern gamba grass	Andropogon gayanus
8.	Southern gamba grass	Andropogon Tectorum

 

 

COMMON LEGUMES OF LIVESTOCK IN RANGELAND

S/N	COMMON NAMES	BOTANICAL NAME
1.	Centro	Centrosema Pubescens
2.	Stylo	Stylosanthes gracilis
3.	Kudzu or puero	Pueria Phaseoloides
4.	Calopo	Calopogonium mucunoidles
5.	Mucuna	Mucuna utilizes
6.	Sun hemp	Crotalaria juncea

 

FACTORS AFFECTING THE LEVEL OF PRODUCTIVELY OF PASTURE OR HERBAGE

1. Rainfall: Water is needed to dissolve nutrients and make it available to plants thus needed for continuous growth of grasses and legumes.
2. Mixture of grasses and legumes pasture: should include mixture of grasses and legumes because legumes help to increase soil fertility.
3. Grazing: Rotational grazing should be adopted to provide opportunity for grazed plants to grow again, over grazing should be avoided.
4. Removal of Trees: Trees should be removes as they may prevent the grasses and legumes from carrying out photosynthesis due to shade as this leads to poor performance of the pasture crops.
5. Fertility of the Soil: A fertile soil should be used to grow pasture crops as it improves productivity
6. Weed control: Weeds should be remove regularly as they compete with the herbage
7. Overstocking Leads to poor performance of the herbage and the animals may go as far as pulling the crops.

CHARACTERISTICS OF RANGELAND

1. It contains high quality grasses and legumes
2. It contains no weed
3. Selected grasses and legumes are planted in adequate proportion
4. It has high regenerative ability after being feed on
5. It can withstand trampling by animals
6. There is proper management in terms of irrigations, fertilization, and rotational grazing for high productivity

EVALUATION:   1. Explain the meaning of rangeland

2. State the importance of rangeland
3. Highlight the common grasses and legumes of                              livestock in pastureland
4. Discuss the factors that affect the levels of productivity                              of pastures and herbages
5. Outline the characteristics of rangeland

CLASSWORK: As in evaluation

CONCLUSION: The teacher commends the students positively