Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term - Senior Secondary 2

TERM – 3^RD TERM

WEEK FIVE - SIX

Class: Senior Secondary School 2

Age: 16 years

Duration: 40 minutes of 5 periods each

Date:

Subject: Technical Drawing

Topic: CONSTRUCTION DETAILS E.G ROOFS, DOORS, WINDOWS, STAIRCASES, FRAMES, LINING AND ARCHITRAVES, FLOORS

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to

I.) Discuss the other minor parts of the building (doors, windows, staircase, floors frames etc).

II.) Discuss the simple reinforcements for columns, beams, piers and slabs.

INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES: Identification, explanation, questions and answers, demonstration, videos from source

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS: Videos, loud speaker, textbook, pictures,

INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURES

PERIOD 1-2

NOTE

CONSTRUCTION DETAILS E.G ROOFS, DOORS, WINDOWS, STAIRCASES, FRAMES, LINING AND ARCHITRAVES, FLOORS

Doors

A door is a movable barrier that opens and closes to allow people or things to pass between rooms or spaces. It usually consists of a panel or panels that swing, slide, or fold on hinges or tracks.

Doors can vary in construction based on materials like wood, metal, glass, or composite materials. They typically consist of panels, stiles, rails, and sometimes glass inserts or decorative elements. Hinges, locks, and handles are essential components.

Common types include panel doors, flush doors, French doors, sliding doors, pocket doors, and bi-fold doors.

Windows

A window is a transparent opening in a wall or roof that lets light and air into a building. It usually consists of a frame surrounding one or more glass panels.

Windows are constructed using frames made of materials like wood, vinyl, aluminum, or fiber glass. Glass panes are held within the frame by glazing beads. Additional components include sashes, muntins (if divided), and hardware such as locks and hinges.

Common types of windows includes: Single-hung, double-hung, casement, awning, sliding, bay, bow, fixed, and skylight windows are some common types.

Staircases

A staircase is a set of steps that connects one level of a building to another. It helps people move up and down between floors.

Staircases consist of steps (treads and risers), a balustrade (handrail, balusters or spindles, and newels), and stringers or supports. Materials can range from wood, metal, concrete, or a combination thereof.

Common types include: Straight, spiral, L-shaped, U-shaped, curved, and floating are some common staircase types.

Frames

Frames provide structural support and enclosure for doors and windows. They can be made of wood, metal, or composite materials and consist of jambs, sills, and headers. Door frames and window frames are the primary types, with variations like fixed frames, operable frames, and frameless designs.

Lining and Architraves

Lining refers to the finish material covering the structural framing around doors and windows, while architraves are decorative moldings that frame the opening of doors and windows. They can be made of wood, MDF (medium-density fiberboard), PVC (polyvinyl chloride), or other materials.

Common types include; Profiles and designs vary widely, including traditional, contemporary, ornate, and minimalist styles.

Floors

 Floors are constructed using materials like wood, tile, laminate, vinyl, concrete, or carpet. They typically consist of a subfloor for support, underlayment for cushioning or soundproofing, and the visible floor covering.

 Common types are; Hardwood, engineered wood, ceramic, porcelain, natural stone, laminate, vinyl plank, carpet, and concrete are common flooring types, each with various styles and finishes.

Simple reinforcements for columns, beams, piers and slabs

1. Columns: In reinforced concrete columns, vertical steel bars are placed to resist the compressive forces. These bars are usually arranged in a cage-like structure and tied together to form a sturdy framework.
2. Beams: For reinforced concrete beams, steel bars are placed along the bottom (tension side) to resist bending and tensile forces. These bars, known as bottom reinforcement or tension reinforcement, are usually arranged parallel to the length of the beam.
3. Piers: Piers are vertical structural members that support loads from beams or slabs above. Similar to columns, reinforcement in piers typically consists of vertical bars surrounded by hoops or ties.
4. Slabs: Reinforced concrete slabs, whether flat or suspended, are reinforced with a grid of steel bars. This grid, known as mesh reinforcement, consists of both longitudinal and transverse bars. Longitudinal bars, placed parallel to the shorter span of the slab, resist bending and tensile forces, while transverse bars provide additional support and prevent cracking.

EVALUATION: 1. Identify and discuss 5 minor parts of a building.

2. Using appropriate drawing instruments, sketch a staircase.

CLASSWORK: As in evaluation

CONCLUSION: The teacher commends the students positively