Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term - Senior Secondary 2

Stains and stain removals

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  4. Stains and stain removals

Term: 3rd Term

Week: 3

Class: Senior Secondary School 2

Age: 16 years

Duration: 40 minutes of 2 periods each

Date:       

Subject:      Home management

Topic:-       Stains and stain removals

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:            

  1. Explain the meaning of stains                               
  2. Categorize different types of stains                   
  3. Remove some specific stains from family clothing and household,

INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES: Identification, explanation, questions and answers, demonstration, videos from source

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS: Videos, loud speaker, textbook, pictures

INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURES

PERIOD 1-2

PRESENTATION

TEACHER’S ACTIVITY

STUDENT’S ACTIVITY

STEP 1

INTRODUCTION

The teacher reviews the previous lesson on laundry agents

Students pay attention

STEP 2

EXPLANATION

She explains the meaning and types of stains

Students pay attention and participates

STEP 3

DEMONSTRATION

She discusses the different stain removers

Students pay attention and participate

STEP 4

NOTE TAKING

The teacher writes a summarized note on the board

The students copy the note in their books

 

NOTE

STAINS AND STAIN REMOVAL

Stain removal is the process of getting rid of any spot or mark on the surface of any fabrics.


KINDS OF STAINS

They kinds of stains we have are;

  • Mineral rust, pen ink
  • Cosmetic hair-dye, lipstick
  • Chocolate
  • Wind stains
  • coffee stains
  • Sweat stains
  • Blood stains
  • Grease oil, palm-oil
  • paint etc.

 

CATEGORIES OF STAIN REMOVALS

  1. SOLVENTS- Water, paraffin, carbon tetrachloride, methylated spirit and turpentine dissolves stains.
  2. CHEMICAL CHANGE- Combination of lemon and salt affect a chemical change on stains and as a result can remove the stains.
  3. ABSORBENTS- Blotting paper and french chalk all absorb stains and can be brushed out when it's dry, and will take the stains with them.
  4. BLEACH- Difficult stains can be removed by hydrogen peroxide or chloride.

 

POINT TO CONSIDER IN STAIN REMOVAL

  1. Always remove the stain before washing the clothes
  2. Remove stains immediately they occur
  3. The kind of stain it is
  4. Try the mildest method first
  5. If you are to use chemicals, try a little out on a piece of material

 

SOLVENT

It can be defined as a liquid that is able to dissolve other substance.

 

TYPES OF SOLVENT

They are;

  • Reducing Solvent -e.g Sodium hydrosulphite
  • Oxidizing Solvent -e.g Hydrogen peroxide and Bleach
  • Inert solvent -e.g water
  • Lacquer Solvent -e.g Acetone (it is use in removing stains like grease, ink etc).

 

WAYS OF APPLYING SOLVENT

There are four ways namely;

  • Soaking
  • Back Sponging: The side of the material that is stain is placed faced down on the ground on a clean, absorbent material, then the back of the fabric is being sponged with a solvent soaked in the spong.
  • Application of pressure
  • Front Sponging: In this case the front of the fabric is being sponge with a solvent then a clean absorbing material is being placed at the back.

 

EVALUATION:    1. Define stain removal

  1. Mention six examples of stains
  2. List and explains three types of stain removers

CLASSWORK: As in evaluation

CONCLUSION: The teacher commends the students positively