Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term - Senior Secondary School 2

Term: 3^rd Term

Week: 2

Class: Senior Secondary School 2

Age: 16 years

Duration: 40 minutes of 2 periods each

Date:       

Subject:    Agriculture

Topic:-      Animal Reproduction II

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to

1. Define mating
2. Discuss the different types of mating, their advantages and disadvantages

INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES: Identification, explanation, questions and answers, demonstration, videos from source

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS: Videos, loud speaker, textbook, pictures

INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURES

PERIOD 1-2

PRESENTATION	TEACHER’S ACTIVITY	STUDENT’S ACTIVITY
STEP 1 INTRODUCTION	The teacher reviews the previous lesson on animal reproduction	Students pay attention
STEP 2 EXPLANATION	She defines mating. She also discusses the different types of mating	Students pay attention and participates
STEP 3 DEMONSTRATION	She discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the different types of mating	Students pay attention and participate
STEP 4 NOTE TAKING	The teacher writes a summarized note on the board	The students copy the note in their books

 

NOTE

MATING

This is the act in which the penis of the male animal is inserted into the vaginal of the female animal leading to introduction of sperm into the vagina. This is also called coitus or copulation (sexual intercourse).

 

TYPES OF MATING

1. NATURAL MATING

It occurs when a male after identifying a female on heat, mates with the female animal. Examples of natural mating include:

1. FLOCK MATING

This is a deliberate act in which the male and female animal are allowed to move together

ADVANTAGES FLOCK MATING

1. All animals have freedom to participate in sexual intercourse
2. The farmer is saved the labor and cost of monitoring breeding
3. All female may be mated because the number of males are widely spread

DISADVANTAGES FLOCK MATING

1. A female may be mated by more than one male thereby paternity become a difficult thing to determine
2. Two female may be on heat at the same time, thereby leading to the mating of only one of them.

 

1. PEN MATING

This form of mating occurs in pigs and poultry. A male is given a specific number of female depending on the strength of the breed. About 1 male to 20 females on heat

ADVANTAGES PEN MATING

1. In poultry female eggs can be produced
2. There is tendency of servicing female on heat

DISADVANTAGES PEN MATING

1. The spread of venereal diseases may be rampant
2. Deformed male may not be able to mate

 

1. STUD MATING

A male (stud)with proven qualities is kept in a room in this type. Any female that is on heat is led to it for mating and thereafter the female is removed.

ADVANTAGES STUD MATING

1. The paternity of the offspring can be identified
2. It is a good system of upgrading the breed because only male with both proven quality is used.

DISADVANTAGES STUD MATING

1. The spread of venereal diseases may be rampant.
2. It takes a lot of expertise to practice.

 

2. ARTIFICIAL MATING

This is called artificial insemination, which involves the act of inserting the spermatozoa artificially into the vagina of female animals on heat. The sperm is collected from a male animal with desired characters with the aid of an artificial vagina, massage method, etc. Sperm collected is stored in liquid nitrogen at -196°C.

ADVANTAGES ARTIFICIAL MATING

1. The semen can be used over a long time even after the death of the male animal.
2. It is more economical as it reduces the cost of feeding and managing male animals.

DISADVANTAGES ARTIFICIAL MATING

1. It requires expertise which may not be readily available.
2. Difficulty in detecting female animals on heat may limit success.

 

EVALUATION:   1. Define mating                           

2. Discuss and explain the types of mating
3. State the advantages and disadvantages of each type                              of mating

CLASSWORK: As in evaluation

CONCLUSION: The teacher commends the students positively