Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term - Senior Secondary 2

Qualitative and quantitative analysis 3

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TERM׃ 3RD TERM

WEEK TEN

Class: Senior Secondary School 2

Age: 16 years

Duration: 40 minutes of 5 periods each

Date:

Subject: Chemistry

Topic:- Qualitative and quantitative analysis 3

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to

  1. Identify factors to consider when identifying ions
  2. Use some simple test to identify ions.

INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES: Identification, explanation, questions and answers,

demonstration, videos from source

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS: Videos, loud speaker, textbook, pictures

INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURES

PERIOD 1-2

PRESENTATION

TEACHER’S ACTIVITY

STUDENT’S

ACTIVITY

STEP 1

INTRODUCTION

The teacher reviews the basic factors to consider when identifying ions.

Students pay

attention

STEP 2

EXPLANATION

Teacher aid students to carry out Test to identify ions

 

Students pay

attention and

participate

STEP 3

NOTE TAKING

The teacher writes a summarized

note on the board

The students

copy the note in

their books

 

NOTE

QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS 3

Identification of Ions

When identifying ions, consider factors like:

  1. Charge: Determine whether the ion is positively (cation) or negatively (anion) charged.
  2. Atomic Number: Know the element's atomic number to identify the ion's elemental identity.
  3. Electron Configuration: Understand how electrons are distributed in different electron shells.
  4. Valence Electrons: Consider the number of valence electrons, as they influence the ion's reactivity.
  5. Ionization Energy: Higher ionization energy indicates difficulty in losing electrons (for cations) or gaining electrons (for anions).
  6. Ionic Radius: Consider the size of the ion compared to its neutral atom; cations are smaller, and anions are larger.
  7. Chemical Formula: Examine the chemical formula to determine the ratio of ions in a compound.
  8. Common Ions: Be familiar with common ions and their charges for common elements.

Below is a tabulated summary of the chemical tests for the identification of ions and compounds:  

Ion/Compound   

Test      

Observation/Result   

Iron (II) Ion (Fe²⁺)

Ferrous sulfate + Potassium ferricyanide

Blue color formation             

Ammonium Ion (NH₄⁺)    

Sodium hydroxide  

Release of ammonia gas with a distinctive odor     

Iron (III) Ion (Fe³⁺)

Ferric chloride + Potassium thiocyanate

Red color formation                           

Copper (II) Ion (Cu²⁺) 

 Copper sulfate 

Blue color formation                                   

Lead (II) Ion (Pb²⁺)

Lead nitrate  

 White precipitate (lead chloride) formation 

Chlorides  

Silver nitrate 

White precipitate (silver chloride) formation            |

Nitrates 

Concentrated sulfuric acid + Copper

 Brown gas evolution (nitrogen dioxide)             

Sulphates      

 Barium chloride        

White precipitate (barium sulphate) formation    

Sulphide     

Lead acetate 

Black precipitate (lead sulphide) formation             

 

Bicarbonates/Carbonates

Hydrochloric acid    

Effervescence (bubbling)            

 Sulphite 

Hydrochloric acid + Barium chloride    

White precipitate (barium sulphite) formation

 

NOTE: These tests serve as qualitative indicators, and their outcomes are based on specific chemical reactions associated with each ion or compound.

EVALUATION:   Identify 4 factors to consider when identifying ions

 CLASSWORK: As in evaluation

CONCLUSION: The teacher commends the students positively