Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term - Senior Secondary School 2

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  4. Animal reproduction

Term: 3rd Term

Week: 1

Class: Senior Secondary School 2

Age: 16 years

Duration: 40 minutes of 2 periods each

Date:       

Subject:    Agriculture

Topic:-      Animal Reproduction

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to

  1. Define animal reproduction
  2. Discuss the oestrus cycle, ovulation and heat period
  3. Highlight signs of the heat period

INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES: Identification, explanation, questions and answers, demonstration, videos from source

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS: Videos, loud speaker, textbook, pictures

INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURES

PERIOD 1-2

PRESENTATION

TEACHER’S ACTIVITY

STUDENT’S ACTIVITY

STEP 1

INTRODUCTION

The teacher reviews the previous lesson on the anatomy and physiology of farm animals

Students pay attention

STEP 2

EXPLANATION

She defines animal reproduction.

 

Students pay attention and participates

STEP 3

DEMONSTRATION

She discusses the classification oestrus cycle, ovulation and heat period in animals.

She further highlights the signs of heat in farm animals

Students pay attention and participate

STEP 4

NOTE TAKING

The teacher writes a summarized note on the board

The students copy the note in their books

 

NOTE

ANIMAL REPRODUCTION

This is the ability of an animal to give birth to young ones. This purpose of reproduction is to ensure continuity of life. If there is no reproduction in farm animals, they will go into extinction.

This process starts when the animal is sexually matured. Time of sexual maturity varies between animals, in cattle it takes up to 15 months, in goat and sheep about 6 months, poultry about 18 weeks etc. The following terms are associated with reproduction in farm animals.

 

OESTRUS CYCLE

It is the sexual cycle that occurs in all female animals if the animal is not pregnant. This is the interval from the end of one heat period to the beginning of another. It is under the influence of hormone called oestrogen. The period varies among farm animals:

Cow – 20 – 21 days

Ewe – 17 – 21 days

Sow – 14 – 28 days

Doe (goat) – 17 – 21 days

Doe (rabbit) – spontaneous

 

OVULATION

This is rupturing of ovarian wall to release egg into the fallopian tube in farm animals; a process is controlled by luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). It varies among farm animals

Cow => 10 – 14 hours

Ewe => 20 – 24 hours

Sow => 24 – 36 hours

Doe (goat) => 12 – 36 hours

Doe (rabbit) => spontaneous

 

HEAT PERIOD

This is the period in which female animals have the urge to copulate or accept the male animal. The female show signs of readiness to mate. It is controlled by oestrogen. It varies among farm animals

Cow => 5 – 24 hours

Ewe => 35 – 36 hours

Sow => 40 – 48 hours

Doe (goat) => 40 – 50 hours

Doe (rabbit) =>spontaneous

 

SIGNS OF HEAT IN FARM ANIMALS

  1. Restlessness
  2. Mucus secretion by the cervix
  3. Swollen and reddened vulva
  4. Loss of appetite and frequent urination
  5. Viscous secretion comes from the vagina and these arouse and excite the males
  6. Abnormal body temperature
  7. Grunting
  8. Frequent urination
  9. Standing still to be mounted on

In summary, ovulation (release of eggs) then heat period (receptivity to mating) then oestrus period (preparatory period for next ovulation)/pregnancy if there is successful mating that leads to fertilization.

 

EVALUATION:   1. Define animal reproduction                       

  1. Discuss these terms
  2. oestrus cycle
  3. ovulation
  4. heat period
  5. Highlight the signs of heat in farm animals

CLASSWORK: As in evaluation

CONCLUSION: The teacher commends the students positively