Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term - Senior Secondary 2

TERM – 2^ND TERM

WEEK EIGHT

Class: Senior Secondary School 2

Age: 16 years

Duration: 40 minutes of 5 periods each

Date:

Subject: Geography

Topic: SETTLEMENT

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to

1. Explain settlement
2. Identify types of settlements
3. Describe characteristics of urban and rural settlements
4. Examine factors influencing locations of settlements

INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES: Identification, explanation, questions and answers,

demonstration, videos from source

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS: Videos, loud speaker, textbook, pictures

INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURES

PERIOD 1-2

NOTE

SETTLEMENT

A settlement refers to a human community where people live and interact with one another. Settlements can vary widely in size, structure, and function, ranging from small rural villages to large urban cities.

Settlements can be categorized into different types based on their size and functions:

1. Rural Settlements: Typically smaller in size, rural settlements are found in less densely populated areas. They are often associated with agriculture and may include hamlets, villages, or dispersed farmsteads.
2. Urban Settlements: Urban areas are characterized by larger populations, higher population density, and more diverse economic activities. Urban settlements include towns and cities, and they often serve as centers for commerce, industry, and administration.

Settlement patterns can also be classified based on their arrangement:

1. Clustered Settlements: Buildings and dwellings are closely grouped together, forming a compact settlement. This type is common in areas where there are advantages to living close to others, such as protection or resource-sharing.
2. Dispersed Settlements: Dwellings are spread out over a larger area, often associated with rural and agricultural settings. Dispersed settlements provide individuals or families with more space and privacy.

Characteristics of Urban and Rural Settlements

Urban Settlements

1. Urban areas tend to have higher population density compared to rural areas, with a concentration of people living in close proximity.
2. Urban settlements are characterized by extensive infrastructure, including roads, public transportation, and utilities, to support the needs of a larger population.
3. Urban areas often host a variety of economic activities, including industries, commerce, services, and technology, leading to a more diverse job market.
4. Cities provide a wide range of cultural and recreational amenities, such as museums, theaters, parks, and entertainment venues.

Rural Settlements 

1. Rural areas generally have lower population density, and individuals often live in dispersed or clustered settlements.
2. Rural settlements are frequently associated with agriculture and may consist of farmsteads, villages, or small towns that support agricultural activities.
3. Infrastructure in rural areas may be less developed compared to urban areas, with fewer amenities and transportation options.
4. Rural settlements often exist in close proximity to natural features, such as forests, rivers, or farmland, influencing their character and activities.

Factors Influencing Locations of Settlement

1. Physical Geography: Features like topography, climate, and soil fertility impact settlement locations. Flat terrain and fertile soil often attract human habitation.
2. Water Sources: Settlements are frequently established near water sources such as rivers, lakes, or coastlines, ensuring a reliable supply of water for daily needs and agriculture.
3. Transportation Networks: Proximity to transportation routes, such as rivers, roads, or railways, influences settlement patterns, facilitating the movement of goods and people.
4. Economic Activities: Settlements often develop around areas with economic opportunities. Ports, industrial zones, and trade routes can determine the location and growth of urban centers.
5. Cultural and Historical Factors: Historical events, cultural significance, and traditions can influence the establishment and continuity of settlements in specific locations.
6. Government Policies: Government initiatives and policies related to urban planning, land use, and development can influence the growth and distribution of settlements.
7. Accessibility to Resources: The availability of resources, including minerals, timber, and agricultural land, plays a crucial role in settlement locations.

EVALUATION: 1. What is a settlement?

2. Classify settlement based on their size and functions
3. Identify 5 factors influencing location of settlements.

CLASSWORK: As in evaluation

CONCLUSION: The teacher commends the students positively