Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term - Senior Secondary 2

TERM – 2^ND TERM

WEEK SIX

Class: Senior Secondary School 2

Age: 16 years

Duration: 40 minutes of 5 periods each

Date:

Subject: Geography

Topic: WORLD POPULATION 2

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to

1. Analyse factors of population growth.
2. Explain reasons for rapid population growth
3. Examine the problems of high population density in the world
4. Discuss ways of solving world’s population problems

INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES: Identification, explanation, questions and answers,

demonstration, videos from source

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS: Videos, loud speaker, textbook, pictures

INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURES

PERIOD 1-2

NOTE

WORLD POPULATION 2

Factors of  Population growth

Several factors influence population growth, and they can be broadly categorized into social, economic, environmental, and biological factors. These includes:

1. Birth Rate: The number of live births per 1,000 people in a given time period affects population growth. High birth rates contribute to population growth, while lower birth rates can slow it down.
2. Death Rate: The number of deaths per 1,000 people also impacts population growth. A high death rate can slow population growth, while a low death rate can contribute to growth.
3. Fertility Rate: This represents the average number of children a woman is expected to have during her reproductive years. Higher fertility rates contribute to population growth.
4. Life Expectancy: Longer life expectancies can contribute to population growth as more people survive into old age. Improved healthcare and living conditions often lead to increased life expectancy.
5. Migration: The movement of people into or out of an area affects population size. Immigration adds to the population, while emigration reduces it.
6. Education and Empowerment of Women: Higher levels of education and empowerment often correlate with lower fertility rates as women may choose to have fewer children and delay childbirth.

Reasons for rapid population growth

Rapid population growth can be influenced by various factors, and its causes often vary across regions. Some common reasons include:

1. High Birth Rates: Regions with high fertility rates tend to experience rapid population growth.
2. Improved Healthcare: Advances in healthcare, including better sanitation, vaccination programs, and disease control, contribute to lower mortality rates.
3. Lack of Family Planning: Limited access to or awareness of family planning methods can contribute to unplanned pregnancies, especially in developing regions.
4. Cultural and Social Factors: Cultural values and societal expectations, such as the importance of having many children or traditional gender roles, can influence family size and contribute to population growth.
5. Economic Factors: In some cases, high birth rates are linked to economic factors, such as reliance on agricultural labor or the perception that having more children is an economic asset.
6. Limited Access to Education: Lack of education, particularly for women, can contribute to higher birth rates.

Problems of High Population Density

1. Resource Scarcity: High population density can lead to increased competition for essential resources such as water, food, and energy, leading to scarcity and potential conflicts.
2. Urban Congestion: Overcrowded urban areas face challenges like traffic congestion, inadequate housing, and limited infrastructure, impacting overall quality of life.
3. Environmental Degradation: High population density often results in increased pollution, deforestation, and habitat destruction, contributing to environmental degradation.
4. Strain on Healthcare Systems: Densely populated regions may struggle to provide adequate healthcare services, leading to challenges in disease control and healthcare accessibility.
5. Infrastructure Overload: High population density can strain transportation, communication, and energy infrastructure, leading to inefficiencies and service breakdowns.

Ways of Solving World's Population Problems

1. Promoting Education: Investing in education, especially for women, tends to correlate with lower birth rates. Educated individuals often make informed decisions about family planning.
2. Access to Family Planning: Ensuring universal access to family planning methods empowers individuals and couples to plan and space their pregnancies, contributing to controlled population growth.
3. Economic Development: Promoting economic opportunities can lead to improved living standards, which, in turn, often results in lower birth rates as families prioritize quality of life over quantity of children.
4. Healthcare Advancements: Continued improvements in healthcare, including maternal and child health, reduce mortality rates, which can help achieve a balance between birth and death rates.
5. Urban Planning: Implementing effective urban planning strategies helps manage population density in urban areas, ensuring sustainable development, adequate infrastructure, and improved living conditions.
6. Government Policies: Implementing policies that promote responsible population growth, such as tax incentives for smaller families, can contribute to managing population density.

EVALUATION: 1. Identify 5 factors of population growth

2. Mention 5 problems of high population density
3. Identify 5 ways of solving problems of populations in the world

CLASSWORK: As in evaluation

CONCLUSION: The teacher commends the students positively