Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term - Senior Secondary 2

TERM: 2^ND TERM

WEEK FIVE

Class: Senior Secondary School 2

Age: 16 years

Duration: 40 minutes of 5 periods each

Date:        

Subject: Chemistry

Topic: OXYGEN

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to

1. Identify the general properties of oxygen group.
2. Discuss the electronic configuration of oxygen and its isotopes.
3. Identify the physical and chemical properties of oxygen.
4. Understand the reaction of oxygen(oxidation) and also identify compounds of oxygen.
5. Identify the uses of oxygen.

INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES: Identification, explanation, questions and answers, demonstration, videos from source

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS: Videos, loud speaker, textbook, pictures

INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURES

PERIOD 1-2

NOTE

OXYGEN

Oxygen is a chemical element with the symbol "O" and atomic number 8. It is a diatomic molecule, O₂, and makes up a significant part of Earth's atmosphere. Oxygen is crucial for the respiration of most living organisms, serving as a key component in the production of energy.

The electronic configuration of oxygen is 1s² 2s² 2p⁴. This indicates that oxygen has two electrons in its first energy level (1s²) and six electrons in its second energy level (2s² 2p⁴).

Oxygen typically forms two bonds. In most common compounds, it forms a double bond with another oxygen atom, creating O2 molecules. In other cases, it can form single bonds with other elements, such as in water (H2O) where each oxygen atom is bonded to two hydrogen atoms.

General properties of oxygen group

The oxygen group, also known as Group 16 or the chalcogens, includes elements like oxygen, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, and polonium. Some general properties of this group include:

1. Valence Electrons: Group 16 elements have six valence electrons.
2. Oxidation States: They commonly exhibit -2 oxidation state, gaining two electrons to achieve a stable configuration.
3. Physical States: Elements in this group can exist in various states at room temperature, ranging from gases (oxygen) to solids (sulfur, selenium, tellurium, polonium).
4. Reactivity: Members of the oxygen group show a range of reactivity. Oxygen is highly reactive and forms oxides, while sulfur and its compounds are known for their distinctive odors.
5. Role in Biology: Oxygen is essential for aerobic respiration, and sulfur is a component of amino acids and vitamins.
6. Allotropes: Some elements in this group exhibit allotropy. For example, oxygen exists as O2 and O3 (ozone), and sulfur has multiple allotropes.

Uses of Oxygen

1. Respiration: Essential for the process of aerobic respiration in living organisms, including humans.
2. Combustion: Supports combustion, making it crucial for various industrial processes, including metal smelting and fuel combustion.
3. Medical Applications: Used in medical settings for respiratory support and in oxygen therapy.
4. Welding and Cutting: Oxygen is used in oxy-fuel welding and cutting processes.
5. Chemical Industry: Employed in the production of chemicals and pharmaceuticals.
6. Water Treatment: Used in water treatment processes to enhance oxidation of impurities.

EVALUATION:   1. What is Oxygen?

2. Identify 4 properties of oxygen group.
3. Identify the two reactions of oxygen with chemical equations in each case
4. Mention 4 uses of oxygen.

CLASSWORK: As in evaluation

CONCLUSION: The teacher commends the students positively