Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term - Senior Secondary 2

TERM – 2^ND TERM

WEEK FIVE

Class: Senior Secondary School 2

Age: 16 years

Duration: 40 minutes of 5 periods each

Date:

Subject: Biology

Topic: Reproductive system in Birds and mammals

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to

1. Identify the male and female reproductive system of a bird
2. Identify the male and female reproductive system in Mammals
3. Identify parts and functions of male and female reproductive system in Birds and mammals
4. Give the differences between the male and female reproductive organs in Birds and mammals

INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES: Identification, explanation, questions and answers, demonstration, videos from source

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS: Videos, loud speaker, textbook, pictures

INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURES

PERIOD 1-2

PRESENTATION	TEACHER’S ACTIVITY	STUDENT’S ACTIVITY
STEP 1 INTRODUCTION	The teacher explain the reproductive system in Birds and mammals using relevant diagrams	Students pay attention
STEP 2 EXPLANATION	Teacher identify and discuss parts and functions of male and female reproductive system in Birds and mammals	Students pay attention and participate
STEP 3 DEMONSTRATIO N	Teacher explain the differences between male and female reproductive organs	Students pay attention and participate
STEP 4 NOTE TAKING	The teacher writes a summarized note on the board	The students copy the note in their books

 

NOTE

Reproductive system in Birds

Structure of the reproductive system of a bird

In birds, the male and female reproductive systems have distinct structures and functions.

Male Reproductive System

1. Testes: Responsible for sperm production.
2. Vas deferens: Transports sperm from the testes to the cloaca.
3. Cloaca: Common opening for the digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems.

Female Reproductive System

1. Ovaries: Produce eggs (ova) in females.
2. Oviducts: Site of egg development; where fertilization occurs.
3. Cloaca: As in males, serves as the common opening for excretion and reproduction.

Differences between male and female gametes in birds:

Characteristics	Male gametes (sperm)	Female gametes (egg/ovum)
Reproduction site	Testes	Ovaries
Size	Smaller	Larger
Motility	Mobile (with a tail for swimming)	Non-motile
Genetic contribution	Provide genetic information	Provide genetic information
Function	Fertilizes the egg	Receives and nourishes the sperm
Quantity produced	Numerous	Limited (usually one per cycle)

Differences between Male and Female Reproductive Organs in birds

1. Testes vs. Ovaries: Male birds have testes, while females have ovaries.
2. Vas deferens vs. Oviducts: Sperm travel through vas deferens in males, while eggs move through oviducts in females.
3. Cloacal Function: Both sexes have a cloaca, but in females, it is where eggs are laid, while in males, it is involved in sperm transfer.

Reproductive system in Mammals

Male Reproductive System in Mammals:

1. Testes: Produce sperm and testosterone.
2. Epididymis: Stores and matures sperm.
3. Vas deferens: Transports sperm from testes to urethra.
4. Prostate gland and Seminal vesicles: Contribute fluids to semen.
5. Urethra: Passageway for urine and semen.

Female Reproductive System in Mammals

1. Ovaries: Produce eggs (ova) and hormones (estrogen, progesterone).
2. Fallopian tubes (oviducts): Site of fertilization.
3. Uterus: Nurtures and supports developing embryo/fetus.
4. Cervix: Opening between uterus and vagina.
5. Vagina: Receives penis during copulation.

Differences between male and female gametes in mammals:

Characteristic	Male gametes	Female gametes
Production site	Testes	Ovaries
Size	Smaller	Larger
Motility	Mobile (with a tail for swimming)	Non-motile
Number produced	Numerous	Limited (usually one per cycle)
Genetic contribution	Provides genetic information	Provides genetic information
Mitochondria presence	Few mitochondria	Abundant mitochondria
Function	Fertilizes the egg	Nourishes and provide genetic material

Differences between Male and Female Reproductive Organs in Mammals

1. Testes vs. Ovaries: Males have testes, while females have ovaries.
2. Vas Deferens vs. Fallopian Tubes: Transport sperm in males, whereas fallopian tubes are the site of fertilization in females.
3. Uterus: Present in females for nurturing the developing embryo; absent in males.
4. Prostate and Seminal Vesicles: Found in males, contributing to semen; absent in females.
5. Cervix and Vagina: Present in females, involved in copulation and childbirth; absent in males.

EVALUATION: 1. Differentiate between male and female reproductive organs in mammals

2. Discuss the difference between male and female gametes in Mammals
3. Enumerate the functions of male reproductive organs in Mammals.

CLASSWORK: As in evaluation

CONCLUSION: The teacher commends the students positively