Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term - Senior Secondary 2

System Development Cycle I

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Term: 2nd Term

Week: 4

Class: Senior Secondary School 2

Age: 16 years

Duration: 40 minutes of 2 periods each

Date:       

Subject:      Data Processing

Topic:-       System Development cycle I

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to

  1. Define system analysis, system design and system analyst
  2. Enumerate the skills of a system analyst
  3. Outline the steps taken by a system analyst to solve a problem
  4. Discuss the concept of information systems

INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES: Identification, explanation, questions and answers, demonstration, videos from source

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS: Videos, loud speaker, pictures, Data Processing for senior Secondary Education by Hiit Plc, WAPB Computer Studies for Senior Secondary I by Adekunle et al, On-line Materials.

INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURES

PERIOD 1-2

PRESENTATION

TEACHER’S ACTIVITY

STUDENT’S ACTIVITY

STEP 1

INTRODUCTION

The teacher reviews the previous lesson on the computer data conversion

Students pay attention

STEP 2

EXPLANATION

He explains the meaning of system analysis, system design and system analysts. He further mentions and explains the skills of  a system analyst

 

Students pay attention and participates

STEP 3

DEMONSTRATION

He further outlines the steps to be taken by a system analyst in solving a problem. He also discusses the concept of information systems

Students pay attention and participate

STEP 4

NOTE TAKING

The teacher writes a summarized note on the board

The students copy the note in their books

 

NOTE

SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT CYCLE I

Systems analysis is the process of understanding in detail what a system should accomplish, how it will accomplish it required to accomplish it.

Systems design is the process of specifying in detail how components of an information system should be implemented physically.

Systems analyst is a person that uses analysis and design techniques to solve business problems using information technology.

 

Skills of a systems analyst

To be a good and successful systems analyst, the person must have the following skills:

  • Information technology knowledge and programming expertise.
  • Understand business problems.
  • Use logical methods for solving problems.
  • Ability to find facts about the problem and develop how it should be solved.
  • Always wanting the improvement of the system.
  • People management knowledge and skills.

 

Systems Analyst Problem solving Approach

The steps taken by a system analyst to solve problems are stated below:

  1. Study and understand the problem: The analyst must identify that there is a problem to be solved and specify that it is feasible to solve the problem.
  2. Define the requirements for solving the problem: The analyst will identify the facts or data that are required to solve the problem.
  3. Develop a set of possible or alternative solutions: If there are alternative solutions, the systems analyst must develop them and decide on the best solution to use. However, in most cases, there may be only one solution which is chosen.
  4. Define the details of the chosen solution: All the facts and method need to solve the problem are specified in detail.
  5. Solve the problem: The problem is solved using the chosen solution method.
  6. Monitor to ensure that desired result or outcome is accomplished: Here, the analyst will make sure that the formula is not miscalculated.

 

CONCEPT OF SYSTEMS

A system is a collection of interrelated components that function together to form a whole and achieved outcome. Examples:

 

An information system is a collection of interrelated components that collect, process, store and provide as an output the information needed to complete a (business) task.

 

In systems development, application systems are referred to as information systems.

Therefore, an information System can also be defined as a collection of programs running on computers which interact with one another as well as humans to provide the necessary information needed to make decisions within an organization.

A subsystem is a part of a larger system that can function on its own to perform a task. It can be a system having subsystems or it may just be a single system. The components that make up the overall computer system can be described as sub-systems. These are mainly hardware and software subsystems. The process of dividing a system into subsystems and components is called Functional Decomposition.

 

Information systems and subsystems

A school information system will have the following subsystems: Academic system, Examination Systems, Discipline system, Hostel/Accommodation system, Library system, Fees Billing System, Staff System, Bursary System and so on.

Information Systems and Component Parts

The main components of information systems are:

  1. IT i.e. hardware and software
  2. Data/information
  3. Procedures/policies
  4. People
  5. Communication Networks

 

Types of Information Systems

The ‘classical ‘types of Information Systems found organizations are:

  1. Transaction processing systems
  2. Management information systems
  3. Decision support systems
  4. Executive information systems

 

Some new types of information systems that cannot be classified as above are listed below:

  1. Data warehouses
  2. Enterprise resource planning
  3. Enterprise systems
  4. Expert systems
  5. Geographic information system
  6. Global information system
  7. Office Automation

 

 EVALUATION: 1. Explain the meaning of system analysis, system design                            and system analyst

  1. Enumerate the skills of a system analyst
  2. Outline the steps a system analyst takes in solving a      problem
  3. Discuss the concept of information system

CLASSWORK: As in evaluation

CONCLUSION: The teacher commends the students positively