Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term - Senior Secondary 2

Reproductive system in fish and reptiles

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TERM – 2ND TERM

WEEK FOUR

Class: Senior Secondary School 2

Age: 16 years

Duration: 40 minutes of 5 periods each

Date:

Subject: Biology

Topic: Reproductive system in Fish and Reptiles

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to

  1. Identify parts and functions of male and female reproductive organs in fish
  2. Identify parts and functions of male and female reproductive organs in reptiles
  3. Differentiate between male and female reproductive organs in fish
  4. Differentiate between male and female reproductive organs in reptiles

INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES: Identification, explanation, questions and answers, demonstration, videos from source

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS: Videos, loud speaker, textbook, pictures

INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURES

PERIOD 1-2

PRESENTATION

TEACHER’S ACTIVITY

STUDENT’S

ACTIVITY

STEP 1

INTRODUCTION

The teacher Identify the Reproductive organs in fish and reptiles using a diagram and a dissected male and female vertebrates showing Reproductive organs.

 

Students pay

attention

STEP 2

EXPLANATION

Teacher explain the functions of the male and female reproductive organs in fish and reptiles

Students pay

attention and

participate

 

STEP 3

DEMONSTRATIO

N

Teacher discusses the difference between male and female reproductive organs in fish and reptiles

 

Students pay

attention and

participate

STEP 4

NOTE TAKING

The teacher writes a summarized

note on the board

 

The students

copy the note in

their books

 

NOTE

REPRODUCTION SYSTEM IN FISH AND REPTILES

Fish Reproductive System:

Fish reproduce through a variety of methods, and their reproductive strategies can vary based on species and environmental conditions. The two main types of reproduction in fish are:

  1. Oviparous Reproduction: Most fish species are oviparous and lay eggs.

   - Process:

     - Females release eggs into the water.

     - Males release sperm (milt) to fertilize the eggs externally.

     - Fertilized eggs develop in the water, often attaching to surfaces or floating.

     - Once hatched, the offspring (larvae) are on their own.

  1. Viviparous Reproduction: Some fish give birth to live offspring.

   - Process:

     - Fertilization occurs internally, with males transferring sperm to females through specialized structures.

     - Embryos develop within the female's body.

     - Offspring are born in a more advanced state, capable of swimming and feeding independently.

  1. Ovoviviparous Reproduction: Eggs develop inside the female's body, but hatching occurs internally.

   - Process:

     - Females produce eggs that remain inside the body until hatching.

     - The developing embryos are nourished by the egg yolk.

     - Live offspring are born.

 

Functions of male and female reproductive organs

Male Reproductive Organs of a Fish:

  1. Testes: Produce sperm (spermatogenesis).
  2. Sperm Ducts (Vas Deferens): Transport sperm from the testes to the urogenital opening.
  3. Urogenital Opening: Exit point for urine and sperm.

Female Reproductive Organs of a Fish:

  1. Ovaries: Produce eggs (ova or oocytes).
  2. Oviducts (Fallopian Tubes): Transport eggs from the ovaries to the urogenital opening.
  3. Urogenital Opening: Exit point for urine and eggs.
  4. Ovipositor (in some species): Function: Deposits eggs. Present in some species, facilitates egg-laying.

Difference between male and female reproductive organs of a fish

Reproductive Organs

Male Fish

Female Fish

Primary Gonad

Testes  

 Ovaries                          

Secondary Gonad

     ___

 Oviducts (Fallopian Tubes) 

Duct for Gamete Transport

 Sperm Ducts (Vas Deferens)

Oviducts (Fallopian Tubes)

Accessory Structure

 Urogenital Opening   

Urogenital Opening          

Egg-Laying Structure (in some species)

___

Ovipositor

 

Reproduction in Reptiles

Reproduction in reptiles varies across species, but they generally exhibit a range of reproductive strategies. The following are aspects of reptile reproduction:

  1. Sex Determination: In some reptiles, especially turtles and crocodilians, the incubation temperature during egg development can influence the sex of the offspring, while in others, sex is determined genetically.
  2. Types of Reproduction
  3. Oviparous:

     - Most reptiles are oviparous, laying eggs externally.

     - Eggs have protective shells to withstand the environment.

     - Examples include turtles, lizards, and snakes.

  1. Viviparous:

     - Some reptiles give birth to live young.

     - Offspring develop within the mother, often in a placenta-like structure.

     - Examples include some snakes and lizards.

   III. Ovoviviparous:

     - Eggs develop within the mother, but the young are born live.

     - No direct maternal nourishment (unlike viviparity).

     - Examples include certain snakes and lizards.

  1. Courtship and Mating: Reptiles engage in various courtship rituals, including displays, vocalizations, and physical interactions, while Mating typically involves the transfer of sperm from males to females.
  2. Nesting and Incubation:

   - Oviparous reptiles lay eggs in nests.

   - Some species provide parental care by guarding nests or burying eggs.

   - Incubation periods vary, influenced by factors like temperature.

EVALUATION: 1. Describe the reproductive system in fish

  1. Differentiate between male and female reproductive organs in fish.

CLASSWORK: As in evaluation

CONCLUSION: The teacher commends the students positively