Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term - Senior Secondary 2

TERM – 2^ND TERM

WEEK THREE

Class: Senior Secondary School 2

Age: 16 years

Duration: 40 minutes of 5 periods each

Date:

Subject: Biology

Topic: PESTS AND DISEASES OF CROPS 2

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to

1. Discuss the lifecycle and control of pests.
2. Identify the diseases cause by pests and their causative agents.

iii. Describe the methods of pests and diseases control.

INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES: Identification, explanation, questions and answers, demonstration, videos from source

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS: Videos, loud speaker, textbook, pictures

INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURES

PERIOD 1-2

PRESENTATION	TEACHER’S ACTIVITY	STUDENT’S ACTIVITY
STEP 1 INTRODUCTION	The teacher describe and explain the lifecycle and control of pest	Students pay attention
STEP 2 EXPLANATION	Teacher Identify the diseases cause by pests and give their causative agents	Students pay attention and participate
STEP 3 DEMONSTRATIO N	Teacher discusses the methods of pests and diseases control.	Students pay attention and participate
STEP 4 NOTE TAKING	The teacher writes a summarized note on the board	The students copy the note in their books

 

NOTE

PEST AND DISEASES OF CROPS

Lifecycle of a pest

The pest lifecycle typically consists of four stages: egg, larva, pupa, and adult. Eggs hatch into larvae, which undergo various developmental stages before transforming into pupae. The pupae then mature into adults, completing the cycle. The duration varies among pest species.

Pest Lifecycle:

 

1. Egg Stage: Begins the pest life cycle.

   - Control: Identify and eliminate or disrupt eggs through targeted treatments.

2. Larva Stage: Hatching from eggs, larvae are often voracious feeders.

   - Control: Introduce natural predators, use biological pesticides, or disrupt feeding areas.

3. Pupa Stage: A transitional stage before adulthood.

   - Control: Target pupae through methods like soil treatment or physical removal.

4. Adult Stage: Mature stage capable of reproduction.

   - Control: Implement measures like traps, repellents, or insecticides targeting adults.

Diseases and their causative agent

Pests	Diseases	Causative agent
Mosquito	Malaria	Plasmodium (parasite)
Flea	Plague	Yersinia pestis(bacterium)
Tick	Lyme disease	Borrelia burgdorfer(bacterium)
Aphid	Various plant diseases	Depends on the plant, could be virus, bacteria or fungi
Whitefly	Plant viruses	Varied viruses
Rat	Leptospirosis	Leptospira
Tsetse fly	African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness)	Trypanosoma (parasite)

Methods of pest and diseases control

The following is an an overview of pest and disease control methods categorized into biological, physical, and chemical control:

Biological Control:

1. Predators and Parasitoids: Introduce natural enemies to target and control pest populations.
2. Pathogens: Use disease-causing organisms specific to pests, such as bacteria, fungi, or viruses, to reduce their numbers.
3. Beneficial Insects: Release or encourage insects like ladybugs that feed on pests. Physical Control:
4. Barriers: Use physical barriers like nets or screens to prevent pests from reaching crops.
5. Traps: Employ traps to capture and reduce pest populations.
6. Mulching: Covering soil with mulch can discourage weed growth and certain pests.
7. Crop Rotation: Change the location of crops to disrupt pest life cycles.

Chemical Control:

1. Pesticides: Use chemical substances to kill or repel pests. Includes insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides.
2. Fumigation: Treat an area with gaseous pesticides to control pests.
3. Insect Growth Regulators (IGRs): Disrupt the growth and development of insect pests.
4. Systemic Pesticides: Applied to plants, these move through the plant's vascular system to protect against pests.

EVALUATION: 1. Describe the lifecycle of an insect

2. Identify 4 pests and their causative agents
3. How can pest be controlled physically.

CLASSWORK: As in evaluation

CONCLUSION: The teacher commends the students positively