Physics - Senior Secondary 2 - Sound waves

Sound waves

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TERM: 2ND TERM

WEEK: 2
Class: Senior Secondary School 2
Age: 16 years
Duration: 40 minutes for each of 5 periods
Date:
Subject: Physics
Topic: Sound Waves
Subtopics:
• Noise and music
• Forced vibration – Resonance, harmonics, and overtones
• Stationary waves

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:
By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

  1. Distinguish between noise and music based on sound characteristics.
  2. Explain the concepts of forced vibration, resonance, harmonics, and overtones.
  3. Demonstrate the creation of resonance using resonance tubes and sonometer.
  4. Understand stationary waves and their formation.

INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES:
• Explanation
• Demonstration
• Questions and answers
• Hands-on activity: Resonance tube and sonometer demonstration
• Video clips on sound wave interference

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS:
• Resonance tubes
• Sonometer
• Tuning forks
• Whiteboard markers
• Physics textbook
• Videos on resonance and stationary waves

INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURES
PERIOD 1-5

PRESENTATION

STEP 1: INTRODUCTION
• The teacher will ask students to differentiate between noise and music in terms of sound characteristics (e.g., tone, harmony, frequency).

STEP 2: EXPLANATION
• The teacher explains the concepts of forced vibration, resonance, harmonics, and overtones.
• The teacher introduces the concept of stationary waves and their formation through interference.

STEP 3: DEMONSTRATION
• The teacher demonstrates resonance using resonance tubes with different lengths and frequencies.
• The teacher also demonstrates the forced vibration using a sonometer and tuning forks.

STEP 4: DISCUSSION
• Students will discuss how resonance, harmonics, and overtones contribute to musical sounds.
• The teacher will guide students to observe how stationary waves are formed in the demonstration.

STEP 5: NOTE TAKING
• The teacher writes a summary note on the board, which students will copy.

 

NOTE
Sound Characteristics:
• Noise: Irregular, chaotic sound waves with no definite frequency.
• Music: Organized sound waves with a regular pattern of frequencies (harmonics).
• Forced Vibration: Occurs when an object is made to vibrate by an external force.
• Resonance: The phenomenon when a system vibrates at its natural frequency due to an external force.
• Harmonics and Overtones: Higher frequency sounds produced alongside the fundamental frequency.
• Stationary Waves: Formed when two waves traveling in opposite directions interfere with each other, creating nodes and antinodes.

 

EVALUATION

  1. What is the difference between noise and music?
  2. Explain how resonance occurs.
  3. What are harmonics and overtones?
  4. How are stationary waves formed?

 

CLASSWORK:
• Describe how you would demonstrate forced vibration using a tuning fork and a sonometer.

 

CONCLUSION:
• The teacher will review students' answers and provide feedback.
• Students will be encouraged to reflect on the importance of resonance in musical instruments.