Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term - Senior Secondary 2

Pests and diseases of crops 1

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TERM – 2ND TERM

WEEK TWO

Class: Senior Secondary School 2

Age: 16 years

Duration: 40 minutes of 5 periods each

Date:

Subject: Biology

Topic: PESTS AND DISEASES OF CROPS 1

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to

  1. Define pest
  2. Identify the classes of pests

INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES: Identification, explanation, questions and answers, demonstration, videos from source

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS: Videos, loud speaker, textbook, pictures

INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURES

PERIOD 1-2

PRESENTATION

TEACHER’S ACTIVITY

STUDENT’S

ACTIVITY

STEP 1

INTRODUCTION

The teacher introduces pest and diseases to he students

 

Students pay

attention

STEP 2

EXPLANATION

Teacher explain the classes of pest based on the part of plant attacked

Students pay

attention and

participate

 

STEP 3

DEMONSTRATIO

N

Teacher explain the classes of pest based on the animal type - vertebrates and invertebrates.

 

Students pay

attention and

participate

STEP 4

NOTE TAKING

The teacher writes a summarized

note on the board

 

The students

copy the note in

their books

 

NOTE

PEST AND DISEASES OF CROPS

Pests

A pest is an organism, typically an animal or plant, that is perceived as harmful or undesirable to humans due to its impact on agriculture, ecosystems, human health, or property. Pests often compete with humans for resources or cause damage to crops, structures, or natural environments, leading to efforts to control or manage their populations.

Classification of pest base on part of plant attack

Pests can be classified based on the parts of plants they target. Here are common classifications:

  1. Stem Borers: Insects that tunnel into and feed on the stems of plants.Examples, Corn borers, sugarcane borers.
  2. Root Feeders: Pests that primarily damage plant roots by feeding on them. Examples are, Rootworms, nematodes.
  3. Leaf Feeders: Pests that consume plant leaves, affecting the plant's ability to photosynthesize. Examples are, Caterpillars, aphids, grasshoppers.
  4. Plant and Seed Feeders: Pests that target both plants and seeds, often causing damage to crops during multiple stages. Examples are, Weevils, certain types of beetles.
  5. Fruit Borers: Pests that bore into and damage fruits, affecting crop yield and quality. Examples includes, Codling moths, peach tree borers.

Classification of pest base on animal type - invertebrates

 Invertebrate Pests: Pests that lack a backbone or spinal column. Examples include, Insects (aphids, caterpillars), nematodes, mites, snails, slugs.

 Invertebrate pest include:

  1. Insects: Small invertebrates with segmented bodies, exoskeletons, and three pairs of jointed legs. Examples are, Aphids, caterpillars, beetles, ants.
  2. Arachnids: Arthropods with eight legs and two body segments. Examples are, Spiders, ticks, mites, scorpions.
  3. Nematodes: Worm-like, unsegmented invertebrates with a cylindrical body. Examples are, Root-knot nematodes, cyst nematodes.s.
  4. Annelids: Segmented worms with a tube-like body. Examples are, Earthworms, leeches.
  5. Crustaceans: Arthropods with a hard exoskeleton and usually two pairs of antennae. Examples are, Crabs, lobsters, woodlice.

Classification of pest base on animal type - vertebrates

Pests can be classified based on the types of vertebrates that cause damage or nuisances. Below is a classification of pests based on vertebrate types;

Bird Pests:

  1. Pigeons: Common in urban areas, causing damage to buildings and spreading diseases.
  2. Crows: Often considered agricultural pests, known for crop damage.
  3. Seagulls: Common near coastal areas, can be pests in urban environments and cause issues at waste disposal sites.
  4. Sparrows: While generally small, they can become pests in certain environments, particularly around buildings.

Mammal Pests

  1. Rats: Common urban pests causing damage to structures, contaminating food, and transmitting diseases.
  2. Mice: Similar to rats, mice can be problematic in homes, businesses, and agricultural settings.
  3. Deer: Agricultural pests known for feeding on crops, gardens, and ornamental plants.
  4. Rabbits: Agricultural pests causing damage to crops, gardens, and landscapes.
  5. Squirrels: Urban and suburban pests known for damaging trees, gardens, and structures..
  6. Bats: Can be pests when roosting in buildings, causing damage and health concerns.
  7. Monkeys: Agricultural pests known for damaging crops and creating conflicts in certain regions.

EVALUATION: 1. Define pest

  1. Identify the classes of pests based on part of plant attacked
  2. Mention 4 vertebrates pest that attack plants.

CLASSWORK: As in evaluation

CONCLUSION: The teacher commends the students positively