Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term - Senior Secondary 2

TERM: 2^ND TERM

WEEK ELEVEN

Class: Senior Secondary School 2

Age: 16 years

Duration: 40 minutes of 5 periods each

Date:        

Subject: Chemistry

Topic:.   NITROGEN 4

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to

1. Identify compounds of Nitrogen.
2. Identify oxides of Nitrogen.
3. Test for ammonia.

INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES: Identification, explanation, questions and answers, demonstration, videos from source

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS: Videos, loud speaker, textbook, pictures

INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURES

PERIOD 1-2

NOTE

NITROGEN 4

Compounds of Nitrogen

Nitrogen forms various compounds, both organic and inorganic. Some important ones include:

1. Ammonia (NH₃): A basic compound, often used in fertilizers and household cleaners.
2. Nitric Oxide (NO): A gaseous compound involved in signaling within the human body and a precursor to nitrogen dioxide.
3. Nitrogen Dioxide (NO₂): A component of air pollution, contributing to the formation of smog and acid rain.
4. Nitrous Oxide (N₂O): Known as laughing gas, used in anesthesia, and also a greenhouse gas.
5. Nitric Acid (HNO₃): An important industrial chemical used in the production of fertilizers and explosives.
6. Amides: Organic compounds containing the NH₂ group, like urea, which is a component of urine and used in fertilizers.
7. Amines: Organic compounds with nitrogen, such as amino acids and neurotransmitters.
8. Nitriles: Organic compounds containing the CN group, used in the production of synthetic rubber and plastics.

Oxides of Nitrogen

Nitrogen oxides, commonly referred to as NO_x, are a group of nitrogen and oxygen compounds. The most notable ones include:

1. Nitric Oxide (NO): A colorless gas involved in various physiological processes, including signaling in the cardiovascular system.
2. Nitrogen Dioxide (NO₂): A reddish-brown gas contributing to air pollution. It can irritate the respiratory system and is a precursor to other air pollutants.
3. Nitrous Oxide (N2O): A greenhouse gas with various applications, including medical anesthesia and as a propellant in whipped cream dispensers.
4. Dinitrogen Tetroxide (N₂O₄): A reddish-brown gas, often encountered in the context of rocket propulsion.

Ammonia

Ammonia (NH₃): Ammonia is a compound composed of nitrogen and hydrogen. It is a colorless gas with a characteristic pungent smell. Ammonia is highly soluble in water and forms ammonium hydroxide when dissolved.

Test for Ammonia

1. Smell Test: Ammonia has a distinctive, strong, and pungent odor. The smell is often the first indication of its presence. However, the sense of smell can be subjective, and caution should be taken due to the strong nature of the odor.
2. Litmus Paper: Ammonia is basic, so it turns red litmus paper blue. This is a quick and simple test to check for its alkaline nature.
3. Moist Red Litmus Paper: If moist red litmus paper turns blue when exposed to a substance, it indicates the presence of ammonia. This is a more sensitive test compared to dry litmus paper.
4. Nessler's Reagent: This is a specific test for ammonia. When Nessler's reagent is added to a solution containing ammonia, it forms a brown precipitate or coloration, providing a clear indication of ammonia presence.

NOTE: It's important to handle ammonia with care, as it can be irritating to the eyes, nose, and respiratory system. When performing tests, appropriate safety measures should be taken.

EVALUATION: -  Identify 5 compounds of Nitrogen.

Project: Carry out, individually, test for ammonia usimg litmus paper.

CLASSWORK: As in evaluation

CONCLUSION: The teacher commends the students positively