Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term - Senior Secondary 2
Child development
Child development
Term: 2nd Term
Week: 1
Class: Senior Secondary School 2
Age: 16 years
Duration: 40 minutes of 2 periods each
Date:
Subject: Home management
Topic:- Child development
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:
INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES: Identification, explanation, questions and answers, demonstration, videos from source
INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS: Videos, loud speaker, textbook, pictures
INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURES
PERIOD 1-2
|
PRESENTATION |
TEACHER’S ACTIVITY |
STUDENT’S ACTIVITY |
|
STEP 1 INTRODUCTION |
The teacher reviews the previous lesson on parenthood |
Students pay attention |
|
STEP 2 EXPLANATION |
She discusses the principles of child development and explains the stages of child development |
Students pay attention and participates |
|
STEP 3 DEMONSTRATION |
She highlights the good habits and character training in bringing .up children |
Students pay attention and participate |
|
STEP 4 NOTE TAKING |
The teacher writes a summarized note on the board |
The students copy the note in their books |
NOTE
CHILD DEVELOPMENT
Child development can be defined as the process by which a child changes over time. It covers the whole period from conception to an individual becoming a fully functioning adult. It's a journey from total dependence to full independence.
STAGES OF CHILD DEVELOPMENT
Children undergo various changes in terms of physical, speech, intellectual and cognitive development gradually until adolescence. Specific changes occur at specific ages of life. Known as developmental milestones, these changes can help you track whether your child is developing at the correct pace. Failure to reach these milestones may indicate developmental disorders or genetic conditions.
Here are the five stages of child development
During the first two months of life, newborns react automatically to external stimuli. Newborns can move their head from side to side, see close-up objects, turn towards sounds and cry to indicate a need. By the third month of life, newborns start to smile at people.
A lot of new abilities develop quickly by the time a child turns 1 year old:
When children are between 1-3 years of age, they can stand alone, learn to walk without help, begin to run and climb stairs with short steps. Children can wave bye-bye, hold a pencil or crayon, draw a circle, learn to say several words and even short sentences and even follow simple instructions.
Between 3-5 years of age, children’s motor skills become refined. Children can throw and catch a ball, skip and hop, learn to dress themselves and draw proper structures such as a flower. They can speak a complete, long sentence and even 2-3 sentences in a stretch easily. With toilet training, they begin to go to the toilet in the bathroom and use the facility all by themselves by the age of 4 years old.
School-age is the age between 6-17 years old. During this age, children learn to become independent and form their own opinions. Learning, speaking, and writing become well established. Children develop various emotions such as jealousy, love, and many more and can express them through words and gestures. They develop friendships and usually make best friends at this stage. Sexual development around and after puberty makes children interested in dating.
If you are concerned that your child is lagging in a certain stage of life, schedule an appointment with your child’s pediatrician to discuss it. The pediatrician may perform a developmental screening test that can help you know whether your child is normal or has some developmental disorder.
WAYS TO INCULCATE GOOD HABITS AND CHARACTER TRAINING IN BRINGING UP CHILDREN
Having a positive frame of mind is extremely essential for you as a parent during your child’s initial years. Everything you teach them now will leave a mark on their thought pattern.
Often, in children who develop suicidal nature and tendencies to harm themselves, the root cause lies at home. These could be many, such as not finding comfort or safety in the place of upbringing. So make sure your home is an abode where your kid feels safe and comfortable.
Have open communication with your children and listen to them attentively. Furthermore, if you sense that your child is dealing with psychological issues, take charge of the situation and get them evaluated by a therapist promptly.
Here are some points you can keep in mind as parents to maintain a positive atmosphere at home:
One of the most important factors to remember while bringing up your child is to keep your expectations realistic. Your kid is bound to make mistakes at some point of time, and you need to deal with it patiently and gracefully.
Remember that your kid is still small and inexperienced, and they will most likely emulate what they observe.
Children will learn to do what you expect from them if your expectations as a parent are realistic. As parents you have to realize that children don’t learn at the same rate and within the same time frame and with the same ease. Nor can they reach a uniform level of achievement even when they grow up to be adults.. So let them enjoy their childhood and don’t bog them down with your expectations.
Family time is extremely important for a growing kid. Introduce them to the different members of your family; explain how they are related to them and how they should be treating them. This way, they will learn to value people around them and understand the importance of family right from the beginning.
As a parent, it is extremely important for you to set down rules for your kid, especially after they started their school. Now is the time to make a routine time table for your kid. Set out fixed hours for playtime, homework and screen time. Give them 15 minutes every day to clean their room and an hour to relax out in the garden.
Try to make a flexible routine and don’t be too strict while allocating time for study and play.
Probably the most important aspect of growing up is to make your kid eat healthy food. Children’s good habits always need to start early. If your kid insists on picking up a pack of 2-minute noodles from the supermarket, ask them to read out the ingredients on the label. Explain to them why he should not consume instant food with harmful ingredients like sodium glutamate that can cause health complications in the long run. Educate your child about the importance of having a nutritious diet as compared to
It is a great idea to reward your child for their good behavior. This will keep them motivated and have the encouragement to always be at their best behavior. However, a key point to note here is to avoid rewarding your kid with materialistic things like chocolates, an hour of TV, and the like. Make the rewards intangible – a hug, a word of appreciation etc.
Believe it or not, the kids today are more likely to be affected with lifestyle related disorders like childhood obesity, diabetes and even high blood pressure. So if you don’t want your kid to be a couch potato in their early years, encourage physical activity right from the beginning.
No matter how busy you may be in your day to day work and chores, you must make it a point to be involved in your child’s life. Make sure you are updated about where they go, the kind of friends they have, and how they’re doing at school.
Respecting elders is something you would want your kid to build as their etiquette. If you haven’t done that already, it’s now time to encourage them to do the same. Read out bedtime stories that talk about kids seeking blessings from the elders and helping them out with their activities.
It’s never too early to start finding good habits for children. Encourage them to use phrases like “Thank you”, “Welcome” and “Sorry” where appropriate. You can also give examples of good mannered kids that your child may know, but make sure you don’t go overboard and start comparing
Reading out stories to your kid from a book makes a significant difference. Good literature has an effective way of inspiring kids to behave in a correct manner, follow a code of discipline and have a positive outlook in life. Get some good books from your local store and read out moral based stories at bedtime.
You can read aloud stories of famous authors so that the child’s command over the language becomes strong
Choose intriguing books (with pictures and stories) according to your child’s age and interests. Also, narrate a story in an exciting tone, take turns when reading, and encourage your child to read and ask questions..
Try and get a rough estimation of how much money your kid needs. Give them a fixed amount every month. Also, get your kid a ‘piggy bank’ and ask them to try and save money for anything they’d like to purchase later. This will get them into the habit of saving.
Nowadays, banks are offering opportunities for opening accounts for minors. You can ask your child to open a bank account and manage their own pocket money. It is very important to learn how a bank functions, this will pave the way towards making your child a self-sufficient, confident and independent individual
Getting your kid to be responsible is not easy, but there are some good ways you can make your child feel accountable. If your little one is old enough, consider getting them a pet- this will instill a sense of responsibility and accountability in your kid. Hand over something important to your kid and ask them to keep it safe, and see how they go about it. These small methods are effective to make your kid become responsible
EVALUATION: 1. Discuss the meaning of child development
CLASSWORK: As in evaluation
CONCLUSION: The teacher commends the students positively