Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term - Senior Secondary School 2

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  4. Forest management II

Term: 1st Term

Week: 9

Class: Senior Secondary School 2

Age: 16 years

Duration: 40 minutes of 2 periods each

Date:       

Subject:    Agriculture

Topic:-      Forest management II

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to

  1. State the importance of forest
  2. Outline some ways forest can be managed

INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES: Identification, explanation, questions and answers, demonstration, videos from source

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS: Videos, loud speaker, textbook, pictures

INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURES

PERIOD 1-2

PRESENTATION

TEACHER’S ACTIVITY

STUDENT’S ACTIVITY

STEP 1

INTRODUCTION

The teacher reviews the previous lesson on forest and forest reserves

Students pay attention

STEP 2

EXPLANATION

She explains the importance of forest

Students pay attention and participates

STEP 3

DEMONSTRATION

She explains some ways forest resources can be managed

Students pay attention and participate

STEP 4

NOTE TAKING

The teacher writes a summarized note on the board

The students copy the note in their books

 

NOTE

FOREST MANAGEMENT

Forest can be defined as a large area of land covered with trees and bushes, either growing wild or planted for some purpose. 

While forestry is the art of planting, tending and managing forests, including the utilization, tending and managing forest, including the utilization of their products, silviculture is the study of forest trees and other related trees.

 IMPORTANCE OF FOREST

  1. Provision of Food
  2. Dead forest wood serves as firewood or source of fuel used for cooking and other purposes
  3. The forest also provides medicinal herbs used by local healers and pharmaceutical industries
  4. Forest, especially in the Northern part of Nigeria, serves as wind-break, thereby reducing the speed of wind and controlling wind erosion
  5. Forest, because of their cool environment, help in the condensation of water vapour, result in the formation of rain
  6. forest helps to absorb water splash on the soil and also due to vegetative cover, soil erosion is prevented
  7. Forest serves as the home of all wild animals like lion, tiger, antelope, rabbit, snakes, etc.
  8. Forest provides timber for furniture and other domestic and industrial constructions
  9. Forest provides pulp used for tissues and paper making
  10. Forest trees planted around homes, industries and offices help to beautify the environment
  11. Forest provides raw materials such as gum, resins, ropes, dyes, fibers, rubber, palm produce, oil seeds for both domestics and industrial purposes.

 

 

FOREST MANAGEMENT

The forest can be managed in the following ways

  1. Forest Regulations

These are laws made by government in the form of edicts, decrees and bye-laws to prevent from exploiting or indiscriminate tapping of forest resources.  These regulations, therefore, ensure the preservation of forest resources

Forest regulations in Nigeria include:

  1. The prohibition of bush burning
  2. Ban on indiscriminate cutting of timber trees
  3. Encouraging people to plant tress
  4. Ban on collection of leaves and firewood from the trees
  5. People are to obtain license so as to secure the permission to enable them to cut down trees for human needs. The felling quantity should be based on the number of forest stands which must be determined before felling.
  6. Selective Exploration

Selective exploration is the process of cutting or harvesting only mature trees in a forest. The system allows for the harvesting or older trees while the younger ones remain as cover to the surface of the forest.

 

  1. Deforestation

Deforestation is the continuous removal of forest stands (trees) either by bush burning or indiscriminate felling without replacing them.  Economic trees such as Iroko, Obeche, Mahogamy, etc are cut down so that they can be used for various purposes such as furniture like tables, chairs, doors, etc. Uncontrolled deforestation should never be allowed.  

 

  1. Regeneration

Regeneration is the process of forest regrowth after it has been exploited.  It is a deliberate government policy in the restoration of deforested area after exploitation to balance the ecosystem.

Types of Regeneration

There are two main types of regeneration

These are:

  1. Natural Regeneration: in natural regeneration, there is regrowth of new plants from old stumps.  Under favourable environment, there exists the growth and development of new tree or volunteer trees form old stumps.
  2. Artificial Regeneration: This involves the natural planting of new forest seedling in a deforested area.  In other words, forest trees are established deliberately in a plantation.

 

  1. Afforestation

Afforestation is the process of establishing forest plantations in any area. It involves the complete removal of natural vegetations before planting new forest species.  In Nigeria, it is popularly referred to as tree planting campaign in which two seedlings of trees are recommended to be planted to replace any one plant harvested. 

 

  1. Taungya System

Taungya system involves the planting of both food crops and forest trees on the same piece of land.  In other words, it is a system which involves the integration of agriculture with forestry.

 

EVALUATION:   1. What are the importance of forest?

  1. State the ways forest can be managed

CLASSWORK: As in evaluation

CONCLUSION: The teacher commends the students positively