Physics - Senior Secondary 2 - Light waves

Light waves

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TERM: 1ST TERM

WEEK: 8
Class: Senior Secondary School 2
Age: 16 years
Duration: 40 minutes for each of 5 periods
Date:
Subject: Physics
Topic: Light Waves
Subtopics:
• Reflection of light at plane and curved surfaces
• Laws of Reflection
• Formation of images by plane and curved mirrors
• Application of plane and curved mirrors

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:
By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

  1. Explain the laws of reflection of light.
  2. Describe the formation of images using plane and curved mirrors.
  3. Identify applications of plane and curved mirrors in real life.
  4. Construct a simple periscope and explain its function.
  5. Measure the focal length of a concave mirror.

INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES:
• Explanation
• Demonstration
• Hands-on activity: Constructing a periscope
• Project work: Determining the focal length of a concave mirror

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS:
• Plane mirror
• Concave mirror
• Cardboard
• Scissors
• Tape
• Physics textbook
• Whiteboard markers
• Periscope construction guide

INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURES
PERIOD 1-5

PRESENTATION

STEP 1: INTRODUCTION
• The teacher will ask students about their understanding of reflection.
• The teacher will introduce the laws of reflection and explain how light behaves when it strikes a surface.

STEP 2: EXPLANATION
• The teacher will explain the two laws of reflection:

  1. The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection.
  2. The incident ray, reflected ray, and the normal all lie in the same plane.
    The teacher will demonstrate how images are formed by plane mirrors (virtual images) and concave mirrors (real images).

STEP 3: DEMONSTRATION
• The teacher will set up a concave mirror and demonstrate how it focuses light to form a real image.
• Students will observe how the image changes as the distance between the object and the mirror changes.

STEP 4: HANDS-ON ACTIVITY - CONSTRUCTING A PERISCOPE
• The teacher will guide students to construct a simple periscope using mirrors and cardboard.
• Students will test the periscope and explain how it uses reflection to allow one to see objects around corners.

STEP 5: MEASURING THE FOCAL LENGTH OF A CONCAVE MIRROR
• The teacher will lead students through an experiment to measure the focal length of a concave mirror by using the object-image distance formula.

STEP 6: NOTE TAKING
• The teacher writes a summary note on the board, which students will copy.

NOTE
Reflection of Light:
• Laws of Reflection:

  1. The angle of incidence = the angle of reflection.
  2. The incident ray, reflected ray, and normal lie in the same plane.
    Images Formed by Mirrors:
  • Plane Mirror: Forms a virtual image of the same size as the object.
  • Concave Mirror: Forms real or virtual images depending on the distance of the object from the mirror.
    • Applications: Mirrors are used in telescopes, periscopes, rearview mirrors, and makeup mirrors.

EVALUATION

  1. State the laws of reflection.
  2. How are images formed by plane and concave mirrors?
  3. What is the focal length of a concave mirror, and how is it measured?
  4. Describe one application of a periscope.

CLASSWORK:
• Construct a simple periscope and explain its operation.
• Measure the focal length of a concave mirror using the object-image distance method.

 

CONCLUSION
• The teacher will review the students' projects and provide feedback.
• Students will be encouraged to discuss other applications of mirrors in technology and everyday life.