Physics - Senior Secondary 2 - Light waves

Light waves

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TERM: 1ST TERM

WEEK: 7
Class: Senior Secondary School 2
Age: 16 years
Duration: 40 minutes for each of 5 periods
Date:
Subject: Physics
Topic: Light Waves
Subtopics:
• Sources of light
• Light and matter
• Transmission of light: shadows, eclipse, and pinhole camera

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:
By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

  1. Identify different sources of light.
  2. Understand the relationship between light and matter.
  3. Explain how light travels through different mediums.
  4. Demonstrate how shadows and eclipses are formed.
  5. Construct a simple pinhole camera and explain its functioning.

INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES:
• Explanation
• Demonstration
• Hands-on activity: Constructing a pinhole camera
• Project work: Constructing a pinhole camera

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS:
• Cardboard box
• Needle or pin
• Black paper
• Scissors
• Tape
• Physics textbook
• Whiteboard markers
• Video clips on the transmission of light, shadows, and eclipses

INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURES
PERIOD 1-5

PRESENTATION

STEP 1: INTRODUCTION
• The teacher will ask students to identify different sources of light around them (e.g., the sun, lamps, fire).
• The teacher will introduce the concept of light waves, explaining that light can travel through different mediums, including vacuum.

STEP 2: EXPLANATION
• The teacher will explain the nature of light and its behavior when it interacts with matter.
• The teacher will discuss how light can travel through transparent, opaque, and translucent materials.
• Students will be taught about the formation of shadows and the eclipse process.

STEP 3: DEMONSTRATION
• The teacher will demonstrate how shadows are formed when light is blocked by an object.
• A brief video on eclipses will be shown to explain the phenomenon.

STEP 4: HANDS-ON ACTIVITY - CONSTRUCTING A PINHOLE CAMERA
• The teacher will guide students to construct a pinhole camera using a cardboard box, black paper, and a pin to create an image.
• Students will experiment with different pinhole sizes and placements to see the effect on image clarity.
• The teacher will explain how the pinhole camera works by allowing light to pass through a tiny hole and form an image on the opposite surface.

STEP 5: NOTE TAKING
• The teacher writes a summary note on the board, which students will copy.

NOTE
Light Waves:
• Sources of Light: Natural sources (e.g., the sun) and artificial sources (e.g., light bulbs).
• Transmission of Light: Light travels through transparent materials, is absorbed by opaque materials, and can pass through translucent materials.
• Shadows: Shadows are formed when an opaque object blocks the path of light.
• Eclipse: An eclipse occurs when one object (like the moon) moves between the Earth and the sun, blocking the light.
• Pinhole Camera: A simple camera that uses a small hole to form an image on a surface.

EVALUATION

  1. What is a pinhole camera, and how does it work?
  2. List three sources of light.
  3. How are shadows and eclipses formed?
  4. Explain the relationship between light and matter.

CLASSWORK:
• Construct a pinhole camera and describe how it works.
• Draw and label the path of light through transparent and opaque objects.

CONCLUSION
• The teacher will review the students' projects and provide positive feedback.
• Students will be encouraged to discuss real-life applications of pinhole cameras and how light plays a role in everyday life.