Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term - Senior Secondary 2

Climate classification

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TERM – 1ST TERM

WEEK SIX

Class: Senior Secondary School 2

Age: 16 years

Duration: 40 minutes of 5 periods each

Date:

Subject: Geography

Topic: CLIMATE CLASSIFICATION

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to

  1. Identify major world’s climatic types.
  2. Mention the location, areas and climatic characteristics of each climatic type
  3. Analyse the relevance of world’s climatic types to man

INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES: Identification, explanation, questions and answers,

demonstration, videos from source

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS: Videos, loud speaker, textbook, pictures

INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURES

PERIOD 1-2

PRESENTATION

TEACHER’S ACTIVITY

STUDENT’S

ACTIVITY

STEP 1

INTRODUCTION

The teacher identify and explain the major types of climate in the world.

Students as a class identify major world’s climatic types.

STEP 2

EXPLANATION

Teacher identify the location of this climatic types and discuss their characteristics.

Students, in pairs, mention the location, areas and climatic characteristics of each climatic type.

STEP 3

DEMONSTRATIO

N

Teacher discusses the relevance of the world climatic types.

 

Students, as a whole, analyse the relevance of world’s climatic types to man.

Students in small groups , draw the map of the world and show major climatic types

STEP 4

NOTE TAKING

The teacher writes a summarized note on the board

 

The students

copy the note in

their books

 

NOTE

CLIMATE CLASSIFICATION

Major world’s climatic types

The major world climatic types, based on Köppen's classification, can be broadly identified as:

  1. Tropical (A): Characterized by high temperatures throughout the year and abundant precipitation, subdivided into tropical rainforest (Af) and tropical savanna (Aw) subtypes. It can be found near the equator.

   - Areas: Tropical rainforests are often in Central and South America, Africa, and Southeast Asia. Tropical savannas are found in regions like Africa, South America, and northern Australia.

   - Climatic Characteristics: High temperatures year-round, with abundant precipitation. Tropical rainforests are characterized by dense vegetation and high biodiversity, while savannas have a mix of grasslands and scattered trees.

  1. Dry (B): Typically arid or semi-arid climates with low precipitation, further divided into arid (BW) and semi-arid (BS) subtypes. Generally found in subtropical and mid-latitude regions.

   - Areas: Arid climates are common in deserts like the Sahara, Arabian, and Australian deserts. Semi-arid climates exist in regions like the American Southwest and parts of Africa.

   - Climatic Characteristics: Low precipitation, leading to arid or semi-arid conditions. Deserts often have extreme temperature variations between day and night.

  1. Temperate (C): Exhibiting distinct seasons with warm summers and cool winters. Subtypes include humid subtropical (Cfa), Mediterranean (Csa, Csb), and marine west coast (Cfb, Cfc). It can be found at mid-latitudes, between the tropics and polar regions.

   - Areas: Humid subtropical climates are found in the southeastern United States, China, and parts of South America. Mediterranean climates exist around the Mediterranean Sea, California, and parts of Australia. Marine west coast climates are present in western Europe, the Pacific Northwest, and southern Chile.

   - Climatic Characteristics: Distinct seasons with warm summers and cool winters. Humid subtropical and Mediterranean climates have a wet season, while marine west coast climates experience consistent precipitation.

  1. Continental (D): Marked by significant temperature variations between seasons. Subtypes include humid continental (Dfa, Dfb, Dwa, Dwb) and subarctic (Dfc, Dfd, Dwc, Dwd). It is found in the interior of continents in the mid to high latitudes.

   - Areas: Humid continental climates are found in the northeastern United States, Europe, and parts of Asia. Subarctic climates are present in northern Canada, Siberia, and Alaska.

   - Climatic Characteristics: Marked temperature variations between seasons, with cold winters and warm summers. Humid continental climates experience significant precipitation, while subarctic climates have long, harsh winters.

  1. Polar (E): Extremely cold climates with ice caps and tundra. Subtypes include tundra (ET) and ice cap (EF). It is found in Antarctica, Greenland, and the Arctic regions, near the poles

   - Climatic Characteristics: Extremely cold temperatures, with ice caps and tundra. Polar climates experience little to no warmth throughout the year.

Relevance of world’s climatic types to man

The relevance of the world's climatic types to humanity is multifaceted and influences various aspects of life, ranging from agriculture and economy to health and lifestyle. The following is an analysis of the significance:

  1. Different climatic types determine the types of crops that can be grown in a region. For instance, tropical climates support tropical crops like bananas and cocoa, while temperate climates are suitable for wheat and barley.
  2. Climate influences economic activities such as tourism, with people often seeking specific climates for leisure and recreation. Tropical destinations attract sun-seekers, while cooler climates may be preferred for winter sports.
  3. Climatic conditions impact the spread of diseases. Tropical regions may be more prone to vector-borne diseases like malaria, while cold climates may see an increase in respiratory illnesses.
  4. Climatic considerations play a role in urban planning, affecting building designs, energy needs, and infrastructure development. For example, cities in hot climates may prioritize shaded areas and efficient cooling systems.
  5. Climatic types are closely linked to ecosystems and biodiversity. Changes in climate can affect the distribution and survival of plant and animal species.
  6. Climatic types influence cultural practices and lifestyle choices. Clothing, housing styles, and daily routines are often adapted to local climates.

 EVALUATION: 1. Identify the major world's climatic types

  1. Identify the location of each of the climatic types mention in 1 above
  2. Identify 5 relevance of the world’s climatic types to Man.

CLASSWORK: As in evaluation

CONCLUSION: The teacher commends the students positively