Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term - Senior Secondary 2

Respiratory system 1

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TERM – 1ST TERM

WEEK FIVE

Class: Senior Secondary School 2

Age: 16 years

Duration: 40 minutes of 5 periods each

Date:

Subject: Biology

Topic: RESPIRATORY SYSTEM 1

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to

  1. Define respiration
  2. Identify types of respiration
  3. Describe the types of respiration

INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES: Identification, explanation, questions and answers, demonstration, videos from source

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS: Videos, loud speaker, textbook, pictures

INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURES

PERIOD 1-2

PRESENTATION

TEACHER’S ACTIVITY

STUDENT’S

ACTIVITY

STEP 1

INTRODUCTION

The teacher introduces respiration (breathing) to the students

Students pay

attention

STEP 2

EXPLANATION

Teacher Identify and explain the types of respiration.

Students pay

attention and

participate

STEP 3

NOTE TAKING

The teacher writes a summarized

note on the board

 

The students

copy the note in

their books

 

NOTE

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

The respiratory system is a biological system that facilitates the exchange of gases, primarily oxygen and carbon dioxide, between an organism and its environment. In higher animals, including humans, the respiratory system is crucial for the process of respiration, which involves the intake of oxygen and the removal of carbon dioxide.

Key components of the respiratory system in humans include:

  1. Lungs: Paired organs that are the primary sites for gas exchange. The lungs contain millions of tiny air sacs called alveoli, where oxygen from inhaled air enters the bloodstream, and carbon dioxide is released for exhalation.
  2. Trachea: Also known as the windpipe, the trachea is a tube that connects the larynx (voice box) to the bronchi. It allows the passage of air to and from the lungs.
  3. Bronchi and Bronchioles: The bronchi are large air passages that branch into smaller tubes called bronchioles. These structures help in the distribution of air within the lungs.
  4. Diaphragm: A muscular sheet located at the base of the chest cavity. Contraction and relaxation of the diaphragm contribute to the process of breathing. When the diaphragm contracts, the chest cavity expands, causing inhalation, and when it relaxes, exhalation occurs.
  5. Respiratory Muscles: Besides the diaphragm, other muscles, such as the intercostal muscles between the ribs, assist in the breathing process.

Types of respiratory system

Different organisms have evolved various respiratory adaptations to suit their environments. The following are the types of respiration associated with specific structures:

  1. Body Surface Respiratory system: The body surface respiratory system is a method of gas exchange in which an organism exchanges gases, such as oxygen and carbon dioxide, directly through its outer surface, typically the skin. This type of respiration is common in small and simple organisms, especially those with thin, moist skin. Some small and simple organisms, like flatworms and certain amphibians, exchange gases directly through their body surface.
  2. Gill Respiration: The gill respiratory system is a specialized structure for gas exchange, primarily found in aquatic organisms. Gills are respiratory organs that enable organisms to extract oxygen from water and release carbon dioxide. This system is highly efficient for extracting oxygen from an aquatic environment.

 Gills are respiratory organs adapted for aquatic life, commonly found in fish and some invertebrates.

  1. Tracheal Respiratory system: The tracheal respiratory system is a unique respiratory adaptation found in insects and some other arthropods. It consists of a network of tubes called tracheae that directly deliver air to the cells throughout the organism's body. This system is well-suited for the relatively small size and high metabolic rate of insects. Insects and some other arthropods have a system of tubes called tracheae that carry air directly to cells.
  2. Lung Respiration: The lung respiratory system is a specialized organ system found in many vertebrates, including mammals, reptiles, and birds. Lungs are the primary respiratory organs in terrestrial organisms adapted for breathing air. The structure and function of lungs vary among different groups of animals, but they all serve the essential role of exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide with the external environment. Lungs are respiratory organs found in various terrestrial animals, including mammals, reptiles, and birds.

EVALUATION: 1. What is respiration

  1. Identify the four types of respiration
  2. Describe body surface respiration.

CLASSWORK: As in evaluation

CONCLUSION: The teacher commends the students positively