Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term - Senior Secondary 2

TERM – 1^ST TERM

WEEK FOUR

Class: Senior Secondary School 2

Age: 16 years

Duration: 40 minutes of 5 periods each

Date:

Subject: HISTORY

Topic: BORNU UNDER SHEHUS. THE EMERGENCE OF EL-KANEMI

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to

I.) Describe the general conditions in Bornu States at the beginning of the 19th century.

II.) Discuss the impact of weak rulers on Bornu.

III.) Examine the circumstances that led to the emergence of El-kanemi in Bornu.

INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES: Identification, explanation, questions and answers, demonstration, videos from source

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS: Videos, loud speaker, textbook, pictures,

INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURES

PERIOD 1-2

NOTE

BORNU UNDER SHEHUS. THE EMERGENCE OF EL-KANEMI

General Conditions in Bornu States at the Beginning of the 19th Century:

The Bornu Empire, located in present-day northeastern Nigeria, was characterized by political fragmentation and instability at the beginning of the 19th century. The empire had experienced a series of weak rulers and internal power struggles from neighboring states and nomadic groups, such as the Fulani pastoralists, who frequently raided its territories leading to a decline in central authority.

The economic conditions in Bornu were affected by factors such as declining trade routes, droughts, and environmental degradation, which undermined agricultural productivity and contributed to food shortages and economic hardship.

Impact of Weak Rulers on Bornu

1. Weak rulers in Bornu were unable to assert effective control over the empire, leading to internal divisions, power struggles, and rivalries among competing factions within the ruling elite.
2. The inability of weak rulers to defend Bornu's borders resulted in the loss of territory to rival states and nomadic groups, further shrinking the empire's influence and resources.
3. Weak rulers failed to maintain the loyalty and support of the nobility, military commanders, and local leaders, leading to a loss of confidence in the central government and a decline in its authority over outlying provinces and regions.

Circumstances Leading to the Emergence of El-Kanemi in Bornu

The emergence of El-Kanemi in Bornu can be attributed to several circumstances:

1. Weak Central Authority: The decline of central authority in Bornu created opportunities for ambitious individuals and local leaders to challenge the traditional power structures and establish their own spheres of influence.
2. External Threats: The ongoing conflicts and raids from nomadic groups, such as the Fulani, created a climate of insecurity and instability, prompting the emergence of strong military leaders capable of defending Bornu against external threats.
3. Fulani Jihad Influence: The spread of Fulani jihad movements, inspired by events in Gobir and other regions, influenced the political and religious dynamics in Bornu, paving the way for El-Kanemi to consolidate power and promote Islamic reforms within the empire.

EVALUATION: 1. Describe the general conditions in Bornu States at the beginning of the 19th century.

2. Mention 3 impact of weak rulers on Bornu.
3. Identify 3 circumstances that led to the emergence of El-kanemi in Bornu.

CLASSWORK: As in evaluation

CONCLUSION: The teacher commends the students positively