Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term - Senior Secondary 2

WEEK ELEVEN

Class: Senior Secondary School 2

Age: 16 years

Duration: 40 minutes of 5 periods each

Date:

Subject: PHYSICAL EDUCATION

Topic: NERVOUS SYSTEM II

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to

1. Describe the structure of the brain
2. Identify the functions of the brain
3. Describe the spinal cord
4. Identify the functions of the spinal cord.

INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES: Identification, explanation, questions and answers, demonstration, videos from source

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS: Videos, loud speaker, textbook, pictures,

INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURES

PERIOD 1-2

NOTE

NERVOUS SYSTEM II

The Brain

The brain is the command center of the human body, responsible for controlling and coordinating all bodily functions. It is a complex organ composed of billions of specialized cells called neurons, which transmit signals to various parts of the body.

Structure of the brain

1. Cerebrum: The largest part of the brain, responsible for cognitive functions such as thinking, reasoning, memory, and language.
2. Cerebellum: Located at the back of the head, it is responsible for coordination, movement, and balance.
3. Brainstem: Connects the cerebrum and cerebellum to the spinal cord and regulates automatic functions like breathing, heart rate, and digestion.

4. Diencephalon: Contains the thalamus, which relays sensory information to the cerebrum, and the hypothalamus, which regulates body temperature, hunger, and thirst.

Functions of the brain

1. The brain receives and interprets sensory information from the environment, such as touch, taste, smell, sight, and sound.
2. It's coordinates movement and actions by sending signals to muscles and glands throughout the body.
3. It's processes information and forms thoughts, memories, and emotions.
4. It's controls the experience and expression of emotions through structures in the limbic system.
5. It's regulates involuntary processes like breathing, heart rate, digestion, and blood pressure.

The spinal cord (structure and function)

The spinal cord is a vital part of the central nervous system (CNS), serving as a communication pathway between the brain and the rest of the body. It is a long, tubular structure that extends from the base of the brain stem to the lower back.

Structure:

1. Vertebral column: The spinal cord is housed within the vertebral column, a series of interconnected bones (vertebrae) that provide protection and support.
2. Gray matter: The central portion of the spinal cord, shaped like a butterfly, consists of cell bodies of neurons, their dendrites, and supporting cells. It processes information and initiates responses.
3. White matter: Surrounds the gray matter and contains bundles of myelinated axons, which transmit signals to and from the brain.
4. Spinal nerves: Thirty-one pairs of spinal nerves emerge from the spinal cord through openings in the vertebrae, connecting the CNS to various parts of the body.

Functions of the spinal cord

1. It's ransmits sensory information from the body to the brain, such as touch, pain, and temperature.
2. It's sends motor commands from the brain to the muscles, controlling movement, reflexes, and posture.
3. It's mediates reflex actions without involving the brain, such as the knee-jerk reflex.
4. It's controls involuntary processes like heart rate, digestion, and blood pressure.
5. It's serves as a communication pathway between the brain and the peripheral nervous system (PNS).

EVALUATION: 1. Identify 4 structural part of the brain

2. Mention 4 functions of the brain
3. Mention 4 functions of the spinal cord.

CLASSWORK: As in evaluation

CONCLUSION: The teacher commends the students positively