WEEK ELEVEN
Class: Senior Secondary School 2
Age: 16 years
Duration: 40 minutes of 5 periods each
Date:
Subject: PHYSICAL EDUCATION
Topic: NERVOUS SYSTEM II
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to
- Describe the structure of the brain
- Identify the functions of the brain
- Describe the spinal cord
- Identify the functions of the spinal cord.
INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES: Identification, explanation, questions and answers, demonstration, videos from source
INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS: Videos, loud speaker, textbook, pictures,
INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURES
PERIOD 1-2
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PRESENTATION
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TEACHER’S ACTIVITY
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STUDENT’S
ACTIVITY
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STEP 1
INTRODUCTION
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The teacher introduces the brain structure and discuss the functions of the brain.
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Students listens attentively to the teacher
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STEP 2
EXPLANATION
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Teacher discuss the structure and functions of the spinal cord
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Students exhibit attentiveness and active engagement
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STEP 3
NOTE TAKING
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The teacher writes a summarized
note on the board
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The students
copy the note in
their books
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NOTE
NERVOUS SYSTEM II
The Brain
The brain is the command center of the human body, responsible for controlling and coordinating all bodily functions. It is a complex organ composed of billions of specialized cells called neurons, which transmit signals to various parts of the body.
Structure of the brain
- Cerebrum: The largest part of the brain, responsible for cognitive functions such as thinking, reasoning, memory, and language.
- Cerebellum: Located at the back of the head, it is responsible for coordination, movement, and balance.
- Brainstem: Connects the cerebrum and cerebellum to the spinal cord and regulates automatic functions like breathing, heart rate, and digestion.
- Diencephalon: Contains the thalamus, which relays sensory information to the cerebrum, and the hypothalamus, which regulates body temperature, hunger, and thirst.
Functions of the brain
- The brain receives and interprets sensory information from the environment, such as touch, taste, smell, sight, and sound.
- It's coordinates movement and actions by sending signals to muscles and glands throughout the body.
- It's processes information and forms thoughts, memories, and emotions.
- It's controls the experience and expression of emotions through structures in the limbic system.
- It's regulates involuntary processes like breathing, heart rate, digestion, and blood pressure.
The spinal cord (structure and function)
The spinal cord is a vital part of the central nervous system (CNS), serving as a communication pathway between the brain and the rest of the body. It is a long, tubular structure that extends from the base of the brain stem to the lower back.
Structure:
- Vertebral column: The spinal cord is housed within the vertebral column, a series of interconnected bones (vertebrae) that provide protection and support.
- Gray matter: The central portion of the spinal cord, shaped like a butterfly, consists of cell bodies of neurons, their dendrites, and supporting cells. It processes information and initiates responses.
- White matter: Surrounds the gray matter and contains bundles of myelinated axons, which transmit signals to and from the brain.
- Spinal nerves: Thirty-one pairs of spinal nerves emerge from the spinal cord through openings in the vertebrae, connecting the CNS to various parts of the body.
Functions of the spinal cord
- It's ransmits sensory information from the body to the brain, such as touch, pain, and temperature.
- It's sends motor commands from the brain to the muscles, controlling movement, reflexes, and posture.
- It's mediates reflex actions without involving the brain, such as the knee-jerk reflex.
- It's controls involuntary processes like heart rate, digestion, and blood pressure.
- It's serves as a communication pathway between the brain and the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
EVALUATION: 1. Identify 4 structural part of the brain
- Mention 4 functions of the brain
- Mention 4 functions of the spinal cord.
CLASSWORK: As in evaluation
CONCLUSION: The teacher commends the students positively
