Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term - Senior Secondary 2

The Sokoto Caliphate

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TERM – 1ST TERM

WEEK ONE

Class: Senior Secondary School 2

Age: 16 years

Duration: 40 minutes of 5 periods each

Date:

Subject: HISTORY

Topic: THE SOKOTO CALIPHATE

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to

I.) Describe the establishment of the SOKOTO caliphate                          

II.) Identify the causes of the jihad

III.) Identify the impact of each jihad   

IV.) Describe the organization of the caliphate.

INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES: Identification, explanation, questions and answers, demonstration, videos from source

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS: Videos, loud speaker, textbook, pictures,

INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURES

PERIOD 1-2

PRESENTATION

TEACHER’S ACTIVITY

STUDENT’S

ACTIVITY

STEP 1

INTRODUCTION

The teacher explains the establishment of the sokoto caliphate and the causes of the caliphate.

Students listens attentively to the teacher .                                                                         

STEP 2

EXPLANATION

Teacher discusses the impact of each jihad and explains the organization of caliphate.

Students exhibit attentiveness and active engagement

STEP 3

NOTE TAKING

The teacher writes a summarized

note on the board

The students

copy the note in

their books

 

NOTE

THE SOKOTO CALIPHATE

Establishment of the Sokoto Caliphate (Usman Dan Fodio, 1804)

The Sokoto Caliphate was founded in 1804 by Usman Dan Fodio, a Fulani scholar and leader, in what is now northern Nigeria. It emerged as a result of the Fulani Jihad, a series of military campaigns aimed at establishing an Islamic state and reforming society according to Islamic principles.

Causes of the Jihad

  1. Political Discontent: Usman Dan Fodio and other Muslim scholars were dissatisfied with the corrupt and oppressive rule of the Hausa kings in the region.
  2. Religious Zeal: Dan Fodio believed in the need to purify Islam from what he saw as corrupt practices and deviations.
  3. Social Injustice: The Fulani pastoralists, who were primarily Muslims, faced discrimination and oppression under the Hausa rulers, which fueled resentment and a desire for change.

Impact of Each Jihad

  1. Fulani Jihad (1804-1808): Led by Usman Dan Fodio, this jihad resulted in the establishment of the Sokoto Caliphate, which became a powerful Islamic state encompassing large parts of present-day Nigeria, Niger, and Cameroon.
  2. Shehu Ahmadu Rufai's Jihad (1809-1810): Further expanded the territories under the Sokoto Caliphate's control and solidified its authority in the region.
  3. Sultan Bello's Jihad (1820-1837): Consolidated the power of the Sokoto Caliphate and extended its influence over neighboring territories, promoting Islam and establishing Islamic law.

Organization of the Caliphate

  1. Political Structure: The Sokoto Caliphate was governed by a hierarchical system with the caliph (Sultan) at the top, followed by emirs who ruled over provinces and districts.
  2. Administrative System: The caliphate had a well-organized bureaucracy responsible for taxation, justice, and military affairs.
  3. Legal System: Islamic law (Sharia) served as the basis for the legal system, administered by qadis (judges) appointed by the caliph.
  4. Military Organization: The caliphate maintained a standing army, known as the Fodiawa, which was used to defend the territory and expand its influence through jihad.
  5. Economic Structure: Agriculture and trade were significant economic activities, with the caliphate imposing taxes to finance its administration and military campaigns.

EVALUATION: 1. Briefly describe the establishment of the SOKOTO caliphate                          

  1. Identify 3 causes of the jihad
  2. Identify 3 impact of each jihad   
  3. List and explain 5 organizations of the caliphate.

CLASSWORK: As in evaluation

CONCLUSION: The teacher commends the students positively