Term: 1^st Term

Week: 1

Class: Senior Secondary School 2

Age: 16 years

Duration: 40 minutes of 2 periods each

Date:

Subject: Economics

Topic:- Basic tools of economic analysis I

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to

Discuss the characteristics and importance of each tool used in economic analysis

INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES: Identification, explanation, questions and answers, demonstration, videos from source

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS: Videos, loud speaker, textbook, pictures

INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURES

PERIOD 1-2

PRESENTATION	TEACHER’S ACTIVITY	STUDENT’S ACTIVITY
STEP 1 INTRODUCTION	The teacher reviews the previous term’s work	Students pay attention
STEP 2 EXPLANATION	She discusses the characteristics and importance of table and charts	Students pay attention and participates
STEP 3 DEMONSTRATION	She also discusses the characteristics of graphs	Students pay attention and participate
STEP 4 NOTE TAKING	The teacher writes a summarized note on the board	The students copy the note in their books

NOTE

BASIC TOOLS FOR ECONOMIC ANALYSIS

TABLES

A table is a systematic and orderly arrangement of information or facts usually in rows and columns for presentation which make it easier for better understanding

CHARACTERISTICS OF A TABLE

A table must be very simple
It must be easy to understand
A table must have a title or heading
It must be numbered if they are many
The purpose of constructing the table must be stated

IMPORTANCE OF TABLE

A table helps to summarized the data presentation
It assists in an orderly arrangement of data
A table helps to understand data
It eases in comparison of different classes of data.

EXAMPLE OF A TABLE

The below table shows the names of wigs, quantity and prices ordered by a wig vendor from a Vietnamese factory

S/N	WIGS	QUANTITY	UNIT PRICE	PRICE
1	14 inches blunt cut wig	1	15,000	15,000
2	Scarf braided wig	2	25,000	50,000
3	360 frontal wig	1	25,000	25,000
4	14 inches bouncy curls	3	68,000	204,000
5	12 inches full frontal bob	2	37,000	74,000
	GRAND TOTAL			368,000

CHARTS

This is another tool of presenting data through a diagrams or pictures. Charts gives visual display of data.

Examples of charts are bar charts, histogram, etc.

BAR CHARTS

Bar chart is a graph which shows the relationship between one variable and another. The graph is usually made up of bars. The lengths of the bars are usually drawn to be proportional to the magnitude of the data being represented. The main characteristics of bar charts are that the body of bars must not touch each other. There must be a space or gap between one bar and another. But chart may be arranged vertically or horizontally.

TYPES OF BAR CHARTS

There are three major types of bar charts. These are:

Simple bar chart
Component bar chart
Multiple bar chart.

A SIMPLE BAR CHART

Simple bar chart is used when the data given are made up of only one item or component. The bar chart can be presented by tabulated data with evenly spaced bars, separated by gaps with the length proportional to the magnitude of the value given.

Example

The total number of pupils in each class in a nursery school

CLASS	PRE-K	TODDLER 1	TODDLER 2	NURSERY 1	NURSERY 2
PUPILS	100	50	70	65	72

COMPONENT BAR CHART

A component bar char is used when the data involved are more than one

Example

Below is the population of the nursery school from 2020-2023.

Present the data in a component bar chart.

	PRE-K	TODDLER 1	TODDLER 2	NURSERY 1	NURSERY 2
2020	25	35	40	55	80
2021	40	50	60	36	79
2022	50	70	80	65	81
2023	75	75	100	70	60

MULTIPLE BAR CHART

A multiple bar graph shows the relationship between different values of data

Below is the sales made by a Grocery store on from Tuesday to Thursday

Type of Vegetable	Tuesday	Wednesday	Thursday
Tomatoes	32 kg.	36 kg.	36 kg.
Lettuce	40 kg.	33 kg.	37 kg.
Corn	56 kg.	65 kg.	67 kg.
Carrots	28 kg.	25 kg.	23 kg.
Broccoli	27 kg.	31 kg.	34 kg.
Cabbage	44 kg.	54 kg.	58 kg.

PIE CHART

A pie chart is a type of graph that represents the data in the circular graph.

The slices of pie show the relative size of the data, and it is a type of

pictorial representation of data. A pie chart requires a list of categorical

variables and numerical variables.

EXAMPLE OF A PIE CHART

Represent the following distribution of pupils in a nursery school on a pie

chart

CLASS	PRE-K	TODDLER 1	TODDLER 2	NURSERY 1	NURSERY 2
PUPILS	35	10	10	25	20

Graphs

Graph is defined as a diagram that shows relationship between two or

more variables e.g line graph, pie chart, bar graph etc.

FEATURES OF GRAPH

Graph must have a title or heading
Graph must have or possess appropriate scale
Graph must be labelled properly for better understanding
The unit of measurement must be indicated
The X and Y axes of the graph (where applicable) must carry different
variables

IMPORTANCE OF GRAPH

Graphs help to show relationship between two variables.
It helps to interprete value of variables.
Graph provides basis for comparing variables provided in the table
It makes it possible for changes in variables on quantities to be

expressed

Line Graph

Line graph is a line used for data where emphasis is on

continuous change. It is used to connect the highest and the lowest point of

a group of data. Line graph could be straight or curve

EXAMPLES OF LINE GRAPH

Represent the below information on the amount of bags of water bought by

a family from March 2023 to August 2023

MONTH	BAGS OF WATER
March	20
April	26
May	15
June	30
July	18
August	15

EVALUATION: 1. Discuss two characteristics and importance of

tables
charts
graphs

2. Represent the below data as a line graph, bar chart and a pie charts

The table below represents the total number of learners that subscribed for a particular sporting activity in a school

SPORTS	LEARNERS
Swimming	40
Martial acts	15
Gymnastics	10
Badminton	35

CLASSWORK: As in evaluation

CONCLUSION: The teacher commends the students positively

Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term - Senior Secondary 2