Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term - Senior Secondary 1

Microorganisms in action

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TERM – 3RD TERM

WEEK FIVE

Class: Senior Secondary School 1

Age: 15 years

Duration: 40 minutes of 5 periods each

Date:

Subject: Biology

Topic: MICROORGANISMS IN ACTION

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to

  1. Identify factors that enhance growth in microorganisms
  2. Identify growth phases in microorganisms
  3. Identify economic importance of microorganisms
  4. Describe diseases caused by microorganisms.

INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES: Identification, explanation, questions and answers,

demonstration, videos from source

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS: Videos, loud speaker, textbook, pictures

INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURES

PERIOD 1-2

PRESENTATION

TEACHER’S ACTIVITY

STUDENT’S

ACTIVITY

STEP 1

INTRODUCTION

The teacher explains the growth phases of microorganisms

 

Students pay

attention

STEP 2

EXPLANATION

Teacher discusses the economic importance of Microorganisms

Students pay

attention and

participate

 

STEP 3

DEMONSTRATIO

N

Teacher discusses the diseases cause by microorganisms

 

Students pay

attention and

participate

STEP 4

NOTE TAKING

The teacher writes a summarized

note on the board

 

The students

copy the note in

their books

 

NOTE

MICROORGANISMS IN ACTION

Growth of microorganisms

Microorganism growth depends on factors like temperature, nutrient availability, pH, and environmental conditions. They typically follow a growth curve with phases of lag, exponential growth, stationary, and decline.

Microorganisms, like bacteria, fungi, and algae, undergo a series of growth phases.

  1. Lag Phase: In this phase, microorganisms are adapting to their environment. They're not yet actively dividing but are preparing for growth by synthesizing necessary enzymes and adjusting to the surroundings.
  2. Exponential (Log) Phase: Here, conditions are favorable, and microorganisms start reproducing rapidly. The population increases exponentially, doubling in number at a consistent rate. This phase continues until nutrients become limited or waste products accumulate.
  3. Stationary Phase: At this point, the growth rate slows as resources are depleted, and waste products accumulate. The number of new cells being produced is equal to the number of cells dying, leading to a plateau in population.
  4. Death (Decline) Phase: In this phase, the population decreases due to the depletion of nutrients, accumulation of toxic by-products, or other adverse conditions. The rate of cell death exceeds the rate of cell division.

Economic importance(harmful and beneficial effects) of microorganisms

Microorganisms have significant economic importance with both harmful and beneficial effects. On the positive side, certain microorganisms are crucial in various industries like pharmaceuticals, agriculture, and food production. They contribute to processes such as fermentation, antibiotics production, and soil fertility.

However, some microorganisms can be detrimental, causing diseases in plants, animals, and humans. Agricultural crops may suffer from microbial infections, leading to reduced yields, and human health can be compromised by pathogenic microorganisms. Striking a balance and understanding the roles of microorganisms are key to harnessing their economic potential while mitigating negative impacts.

Diseases cause by microorganisms

Microorganisms can cause various diseases in humans, animals, and plants. Here are examples with brief information on symptoms, mode of transmission, and control:

  1. Influenza (Flu):

   - Symptoms: Fever, cough, body aches.

   - Transmission: Airborne through respiratory droplets.

   - Control: Vaccination, good hygiene practices.

  1. Malaria:

   - Symptoms: Fever, chills, fatigue.

   - Transmission: Mosquito bites (Anopheles species).

   - Control: Bed nets, antimalarial drugs, mosquito control.

  1. Tuberculosis (TB):

   - Symptoms: Persistent cough, weight loss, fatigue.

   - Transmission: Airborne through respiratory droplets.

   - Control: Antibiotics, isolation, vaccination (BCG).

  1. HIV/AIDS:

   - Symptoms: Gradual immune system failure.

   - Transmission: Unprotected sexual contact, blood contact.

   - Control: Safe sex practices, antiretroviral therapy.

  1. COVID-19:

   - Symptoms: Fever, cough, shortness of breath.

   - Transmission: Airborne through respiratory droplets.

   - Control: Vaccination, hygiene measures, quarantine.

  1. Plant Pathogens (e.g., Rusts and Blights):

   - Symptoms: Lesions, wilting, discoloration.

   - Transmission: Airborne spores, soil-borne.

   - Control: Fungicides, crop rotation, resistant plant varieties.

EVALUATION: 1. identify the four growth phases of microorganisms

  1. Discuss the economic importance of Microorganisms
  2. Identify 4 diseases cause by microorganisms

CLASSWORK: As in evaluation

CONCLUSION: The teacher commends the students positively