Basic Electricity - Senior Secondary 1

TERM: 3^RD TERM

WEEK FOUR

Class: Senior Secondary School 1

Age: 15 years

Duration: 40 minutes of 5 periods each

Date:

Subject: BASIC ELECTRICITY

Topic: KIRCHHOFF’S LAWS

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to

I.) State the Kirchhoff laws

II.) Identify the applications of Kirchhoff's law

III.) State the differences between Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL) and Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL):

INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES: Identification, explanation, questions and answers, demonstration, videos from source

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS: Videos, loud speaker, textbook, pictures,

INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURES

PERIOD 1-2

PRESENTATION	TEACHER’S ACTIVITY	STUDENT’S ACTIVITY
STEP 1 INTRODUCTION	The teacher state and explain the meaning of the two laws of Kirchhoff in circuit analysis	Students listens attentively to the teacher
STEP 2 EXPLANATION	Teacher discusses the applications of kkirchhoff's ad explains the differences between Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL) and Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL):	Students exhibit attentiveness and active engagement
STEP 3 NOTE TAKING	The teacher writes a summarized note on the board	The students copy the note in their books

NOTE

KIRCHHOFF’S LAWS

Kirchhoff's laws are fundamental principles in circuit analysis:

Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL): At any node (junction) in an electrical circuit, the sum of currents flowing into that node is equal to the sum of currents flowing out of that node. Mathematically, it's expressed as ΣI_in = ΣI_out.
Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL): The sum of the voltages around any closed loop in a circuit is equal to zero. This law is based on the conservation of energy and is expressed as ΣV_loop = 0.

Application of Kirchhoff laws

To apply Kirchhoff's laws to solve simple network equations:

- Identify all the nodes (junctions) in the circuit.

- At each node, write down the sum of currents entering the node equals the sum of currents leaving the node.

- This results in a set of equations that can be solved simultaneously to find the unknown currents.

- Identify all the loops in the circuit.

- Write down the algebraic sum of voltages around each loop, considering the polarity of each voltage source.

- This results in a set of equations that can be solved simultaneously to find the unknown voltages or currents.

Differences between Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL) and Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL):

Aspects	Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL)	Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL)
Applications	Applies to nodes (junctions) in a circuit where current splits or combines	Applies to closed loops in a circuit where voltages change due to components like resistors and voltage sources.
Mathematical Representation	ΣI_in = ΣI_out	ΣV_loop = 0
Conservation Principle	Based on the conservation of charge, ensuring no charge is accumulated at a junction.	Based on the conservation of energy, ensuring that the total energy change around a closed loop is zero.
Equations	Leads to equations expressing the relationships between currents at different nodes in a circuit.	Leads to equations expressing the relationships between voltages across components in a closed loop of a circuit.

EVALUATION: 1. State the two laws of Kirchhoff

Mention 4 applications of Kirchhoff's laws
Mention 3 differences between Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL) and Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL):

CLASSWORK: As in evaluation

CONCLUSION: The teacher commends the students positively

Basic Electricity - Senior Secondary 1 - Kirchhoff's law