Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term - Senior Secondary 1

Carbon and its compounds II

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Term: 3rd Term

Week: 3

Class: Senior Secondary School 1

Age: 15 years

Duration: 40 minutes of 5 periods each

Date:       

Subject:      Chemistry

Topic:-       Carbon and its compounds II

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to

  1. Explain the destructive distillation of coal
  2. Discuss the gasification of coke

INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES: Identification, explanation, questions and answers, demonstration, videos from source

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS: Videos, loud speaker, textbook, pictures

INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURES

PERIOD 1-2

PRESENTATION

TEACHER’S ACTIVITY

STUDENT’S ACTIVITY

STEP 1

INTRODUCTION

The teacher reviews the previous lesson on carbon and its allotropes

Students pay attention

STEP 2

EXPLANATION

He explains the destructive distillation of coal

 

Students pay attention and participates

STEP 3

DEMONSTRATION

He discusses gasification of coke

Students pay attention and participate

STEP 4

NOTE TAKING

The teacher writes a summarized note on the board

The students copy the note in their books

 

NOTE

CARBON AND ITS COMPOUNDS

COAL

Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock, formed as rock strata called coal seams. Coal is mostly carbon with variable amounts of other elements; chiefly hydrogen, sulphur, oxygen, and nitrogen

 

Types of coal

  1. Peat
  1. Lignite or brown coal
  1. Bituminous coal or soft coal
  1. Anthracite coal which is about 95% pure carbon

 

Destructive distillation of coal

This is a chemical process in which coal is heated to a high temperature in the absence of air.

The products of the destructive distillation of coal are Coal gas, Coke, Coal tar and Ammoniacal liquor.

  1. Coal gas is a mixture of gases which includes H2, CH4, CO. it is used as fuel for heating and as reducing agents.
  2. Coal tar is a mixture of liquid which includes Benzene, toluene, naphthalene, and anthracene. It can be separated by fractional distillation. It is used in the production of medicines, dyes, explosives, plastics, paints, pesticides and synthetic fibres. The residue of this is the tar used in road construction and waterproof roofs.
  3. Ammoniacal liquor this is a solution of ammonia in water

NH3 (aq) + H2O (l)   NH4 +(aq) + OH-(aq)

It is used in the production of ammonium compounds, fertilizers Coke is the non volatile residue. It consists of carbon only. It is used as solid fuel, also used as synthetic gas.

 

GASIFICATION OF COKE

Gasification of Coke is the process which converts coke into useful gaseous fuel. i.e producer gas and water gas which are also referred to as synthetic gas

 

Water gas is produced when at a temperature >10000C steam is passed over red hot coke a mixture of CO and H2 gas is formed

C(s) + H2O(g)     CO(g) + H2 (g)

The water gas is used directly as fuel as seen in the equations below

2CO(g) + O2(g)

2CO2(g)

2H2 (g) + O2(g)

2H2O(g)

 

It is also used in the production of methanol where water gas reacts with more H2 in the presence of an oxide of zinc and chromium as catalyst and at a temperature of 450oC and a pressure of 200 atmosphere

Producer gas in a reactor called the producer hot air containing oxygen is blown from the bottom up a white hot coke. Carbon (IV) oxide is formed. And as the gas rises through the producer CO2 react with more carbon and CO is produced. Incombustible N2 from air mixed with the CO to form a mixture of the gases in the ratio 1:2, CO : N2 it is called producer gas

C(s) + O2(g)

 

CO2(g)

CO2(g)

+ C (s)

2CO (g)

CO (g) + N2

(g) …………………producer gas
       

 

 

EVALUATION:    1. Discuss the destructive distillation of coal

  1. Explain the gasification of coke

CLASSWORK: As in evaluation

CONCLUSION: The teacher commends the students positively