Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term - Senior Secondary 1

Carbon and its compounds I

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Term: 3rd Term

Week: 2

Class: Senior Secondary School 1

Age: 15 years

Duration: 40 minutes of 5 periods each

Date:       

Subject:      Chemistry

Topic:-       Carbon and its compounds I

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to

  1. Describe the structure of carbon
  2. Discuss the allotropes of carbon; their structure and properties

INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES: Identification, explanation, questions and answers, demonstration, videos from source

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS: Videos, loud speaker, textbook, pictures

INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURES

PERIOD 1-2

PRESENTATION

TEACHER’S ACTIVITY

STUDENT’S ACTIVITY

STEP 1

INTRODUCTION

The teacher reviews the previous lesson on water

Students pay attention

STEP 2

EXPLANATION

He describes the structure of carbon

 

Students pay attention and participates

STEP 3

DEMONSTRATION

He discusses the allotropes of carbon; their structures and properties

Students pay attention and participate

STEP 4

NOTE TAKING

The teacher writes a summarized note on the board

The students copy the note in their books

 

NOTE

CARBON AND ITS COMPOUNDS

Carbon is a chemical element with the symbol C and atomic number 6. It is non-metallic and tetravalent—making four electrons available to form covalent chemical bonds. It belongs to group 14 of the periodic table. Carbon makes up only about 0.025 percent of Earth's crust.

 

Allotropy

Allotropy is the existence of elements in two or more form having the same but different physical properties. This is the ability of an element to exist in various forms in the same physical state. Elements that exhibit allotropy include carbon, sulphur, tin, oxygen, phosphorus etc

Allotropes are the different form of the element. Examples of the allotropes of carbon are GRAPHITE and DIAMOND.

 

 

Allotropes of Carbon

  1. Crystalline allotropes: diamond and graphite

STRUCTURE OF GRAPHITE

 

STRUCTURE OF DIAMOND

  1. Amorphous allotropes: coal, coke, charcoal, soot etc

            STRUCTURE OF COAL

       

          STRUCTURE OF CHARCOAL

         

          STRUCTURE OF COKE

       

PROPERTIES AND USES OF DIAMOND

  1. Diamond is the hardest substance known in nature. They are dense, hard and resistant to high temperatures and chemical attacks; They are used industrially in drills for mining, as abrasives to sharpen very hard tools and for cutting glass and metals.
  2. it is a non-conductor of electricity due to the absence of free mobile electrons
  3. they are transparent with high refractive index and dispersion power giving it a sparkling brilliance when it is cut and polished; making it valuable as jewellery.
  4. It occurs as octahedral crystals

 

PROPERTIES AND USES OF GRAPHITE
1. Graphite is soft and flakes easily because of its layered crystalline structure held together by van der waals forces. This allows one layer to slide over one another easily; making it useful as a dry lubricant, it is mixed with clay to make lead in pencils, it is usually used on bicycle chains and for the bearings of some motor cars.

  1. Graphite is a good conductor of electricity due to the presence of free mobile electrons. It is often used as electrodes in electroplating and in dry cells
  1. It can with stand high temperatures. it is used to line crucibles used for making high grade steel and other alloys. It is used as a neutron moderator in atomic piles
  1. It is black and opaque. Graphite is used as black pigment in paint.
  1. It occurs as hexagonal crystals

 

EVALUATION:    1. Define carbon

  1. Explain the meaning of allotropy and allotropes. Give three examples of elements with allotropes
  2. State three properties and uses of

          a. Graphite

          b. Diamond

CLASSWORK: As in evaluation

CONCLUSION: The teacher commends the students positively