Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term - Senior Secondary School 1

PRESENTATION

TEACHER’S ACTIVITY

STUDENT’S ACTIVITY

STEP 1

INTRODUCTION

The teacher reviews the previous lesson on classification of crops based on their life span and morphology

Students pay attention

STEP 2

EXPLANATION

She discusses how to cultivate cereals

Students pay attention and participates

STEP 3

DEMONSTRATION

She discusses how to cultivate legumes

Students pay attention and participate

STEP 4

NOTE TAKING

The teacher writes a summarized note on the board

The students copy the note in their books

MAIZE (Zeamays)

RICE (Oryzasativa)

Description

Maize also called corn is a member of the grass family (Gramineae). It produces grains, use as food by human beings and livestock. The seed/fruit is called caryopsis.

Rice is a member of the grass family (Gramineae). The seed/ fruit is called caryopsis

Varieties / cultivar

Sweet maize, flint maize, dent maize, flour maize and popcorn

Swamp rice (Toma) and upland rice (Agbede).

Land preparation

Clearing the land and making ridges either manually or mechanically.

Clearing the land and making ridges either manually or mechanically.

Climatic requirement

Temperature – 26⁰C-30⁰C, Rainfall – 75cm-150cm per annum

Temperature of 20⁰c, Rainfall of 75cm-120cm for upland rice and over 250cm for swamp rice.

Soil requirement

Sandy-loamy soil of PH 6-7

Loamy-clayey soil.

Method of propagation

By seeds

By seeds

Planting date

Early maize – March/April Late maize – July/August

South – April/May, North – August/ September.

Planting

It can be done manually using cutlass or mechanically by planter at 2-3 seeds per hole.

Planting can be done by broadcasting, sowing or drilling.

Seed rate

20-30kg per hectare of land

65kg per hectare at 2-3 seeds per hole.

Spacing

80cm between row and 30cmwithin row

25-30cm apart depending on varieties.

Cultural practices

Supplying, thinning, weeding fertilizer application, control of pests and diseases.

Supplying, thinning, weeding fertilizer application, control of pests and diseases.

Maturity period

90-120 days after planting depending on varieties.

4-7 months depending on varieties.

Harvesting

Harvesting can be done manually with hand or using a hand sickle and mechanically using a combined harvester.

Red heads of rice are harvested with knife, sickle or combined harvester.

Processing

It can be eaten either boiled or roasted or processed into corn flour or corn flakes.

Sun drying, threshing, winnowing, per boiling, hulling and polishing.

Uses

It is consumed by man and farm animals and as a raw material in brewery industries

It is consumed by man and farm animals.

Storage

Dried cobs are stored in cribs, rhombus or in a fire place, grains stored in a silo.

Processed form in silos or jute bags.

COWPEA (Vignaunguiculata)

GROUNDNUT (Arachishypogea)

Description

Cowpea is a member of the pulses or legumes. It belongs to the family leguminoseae. It is rich in protein. The fruit of cowpea is called Pod.  

Groundnut is a dual purpose crop. It serves as oil crop as well as a pulse or leguminous crop. However, it is grown mainly for its oil. The seed gives about 40-45% of excellent edible oil.

Varieties / cultivar

Erect type, creeping type, Ife brown, Ife bimpe

Bunch or erect type, creeping type, Kano local, Kano 50, castle cary.

Land preparation

Clearing the land and making ridges either manually or mechanically.

Clearing the land and making ridges either manually or mechanically.

Climatic requirement

Temperature of 27^o-35^oC, Rainfall of 60-125cm per annum.

Temperature of 25^o-30^oC, Rainfall of 70-100cm per annum.

Soil requirement

Well drained sandy loamy soil

Coarse textured sandy loamy soil which is slightly acidic and rich in calcium and phosphorus for pod formation.

Method of propagation

By seeds

By seeds

Planting date

April to September depending on the ecological zone.

South – March / April       North – May / June

Planting

Planting can be done manually or mechanically at 2-3 seeds per hole.

Planting can be done manually or mechanically at 2-3 seeds per hole.

Seed rate

20 – 25kg per hectare.

30 – 35kg per hectare.

Spacing

Erect type – 30 x 75cm, Creeping type – 25 x 90cm

Erect type – 60 x 15cm    Creeping type – 60 x 20cm

Cultural practices

Supplying, thinning, weeding fertilizer application, control of pests and diseases.

Supplying, thinning, weeding and control of pests and diseases. Groundnut does not need fertilizer application except on a very poor soil.

Maturity period

9 – 12 weeks after planting depending on varieties.

3 – 4 months after planting.

Harvesting

Hand picking of matured brown pods.

It is ready for harvest when the leaves turn yellow and begin to wilt. It is done by uprooting the plant manually or mechanically and allowing to dry for easy removal of pods.

Processing

Sun drying, threshing and winnowing.

Sun drying, removal of seeds from the pods by slightly pounding in mortar or using a decorticating or shelling machine.

Uses

A source of plant protein for man It serves as a cover crop It serves as forage legumes It is used for making green manure.

For making oil For making cake to feed man and farm animals For making groundnut butter.

Storage

Seeds are stored in jute bags silos or air tight container after proper drying. Seeds should be treated with insecticide and the store fumigated to prevent weevils attack.

Dried groundnut seeds are stored in silos or rhombus. Unshelled pods are stored in jute bags.