Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term - Senior Secondary School 1

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Term: 3rd Term

Week: 1

Class: Senior Secondary School 1

Age: 15 years

Duration: 40 minutes of 2 periods each

Date:       

Subject:    Agriculture

Topic:-      Farm machinery and equipment, uses and maintenance I

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to

  1. Define farm machinery
  2. Give examples of farm machinery, state their uses and how to maintain them

INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES: Identification, explanation, questions and answers, demonstration, videos from source

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS: Videos, loud speaker, textbook, pictures

INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURES

PERIOD 1-2

PRESENTATION

TEACHER’S ACTIVITY

STUDENT’S ACTIVITY

STEP 1

INTRODUCTION

The teacher reviews the previous lesson on simple farm tools

Students pay attention

STEP 2

EXPLANATION

She defines farm machinery and equipment

 

Students pay attention and participates

STEP 3

DEMONSTRATION

She gives examples of farm machinery, states their uses and describes how they can be maintained

Students pay attention and participate

STEP 4

NOTE TAKING

The teacher writes a summarized note on the board

The students copy the note in their books

 

NOTE

FARM MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT, USES AND MAINTENANCE

Farm Machinery includes various types of machines and implements used in the farm.

Some examples of farm machinery are

  1. THE TRACTOR

It is a powerful and expensive multi-purpose motor vehicle used for              lifting or pulling farm implements. 

Functions/uses of the Tractor

  1. Tractor is used in drawing farm implements like ploughs, harrows, ridgers, planters, etc.
  2. It can also be a stationery power source for equipment like shellers, threshers, grinders, etc.
  3. It has hydraulic control system which aids the lifting of coupled implements.
  4. It is used to carry farm inputs like chemicals, fertilizers, seeds etc. from one section of the farm to another.
  5. It can also be used to carry harvested crops or other products from the farm to the market.
  6. It can also be used to transport farm workers within the farm.
  7. It is used to clear bush, cultivate land, plant crops, weeding and applying pesticides.
  8. It can contribute to improved profitability by reducing labour costs, improving quality and quantity of produce and allow an increase in the size of the farm.

Daily Maintenance of Tractor

Maintenance practices that can be carried out daily on the tractor include the following:

  1. Keep the tractor clean by removing all trashes or mud from it at the start or at the end of operations.
  2. Check water levels daily and top it when necessary.
  3. Check oil level daily and top it when necessary.
  4. Check tyre pressures daily before operations.
  5. Inspect the tractor every day before starting.
  6. Check electrolyte of battery every day and top when necessary.
  7. Adhere strictly to manual or manufacturer’s instructions.
  8. Do not overload the tractor, i.e, operate at appropriate speed for farm operations.

Periodic Maintenance of Tractor

Maintenance practices that should be carried out periodically or at regular intervals on the tractor include the following:

  1. The tractor should be serviced at regular intervals.
  2. Worn-out tyres should be replaced and tyre pressure gauged regularly.
  3. Ensure that nuts, screws, or shield are checked and tightened at regular intervals.
  4. Replace worn-out or weld broken parts of the tractor.
  5. Adhere strictly to manual or manufacturer’s instructions.
  6. Employ a competent and experienced tractor operator
  7. Routine and regular changing of the engine oil.
  8. Air filter should be cleared when necessary.
  9. Oil filter should be changed after each service.
  10. Parts like the linkages, steering and other movable parts should be greased occasionally.
  11. Fuel injectors should be serviced or changed when necessary.
  12. Fan belts should be replaced or adjusted.
  13. Wash or clean the caburator regularly.
  14. Always park the tractor in a shed.

  

  1. BULLDOZERS

Bulldozer, also called Dozer, powerful machine for pushing earth or rocks, used in road building, farming, construction, and wrecking; it consists of a heavy, broad steel blade or plate mounted on the front of a tractor.

 

Functions/Uses of Bulldozer

  1. Bulldozer is used for bush clearing
  2. It is used for felling trees and stumps.
  3. It is used for leveling the ground.
  4. It is also used to construct roads on the farms and in rural areas.
  5. It is used for moving and collection of earth.

Maintenance of Bulldozer

The maintenance of the bulldozer is the same with that of the tractor.

 

  1. TREE PULLERS

The tree puller is a machine just like the tractor or bulldozer.  It has the ability to move on the soil surface with minimal disturbances on the top soil. It also has a unique feature of pulling up trees from their stands with minimal disturbances of the top soil. It is recommended for use instead of the bulldozer. 

 

  1. SHELLERS

These are machines operated electrically, mechanically or manually.  It is made up of a hopper, bucket, a winder and a drum with rubber or metal spikes.  Shellers are of different types, made to suit the type of crops to be shelled.  It is a processing machine used to separate dry grains at 10% moisture content from the cob of maize.

Functions/Uses

  1. Shellers are used mainly to separate the seeds from the husk or cob.  In other words, shellers are used in removing the hard, ourter covering of nuts, grains (rice, maize, cowpea), etc.

 

  1. DRYERS

These are farm machines used to reduce moisture content of commodities such as grains, cocoa, e.tc.  It operates by electricity.

 

Functions of Dryers

  1. It is used for drying plant materials, e.g cocoa, beans, groundnuts, maize, e.t.c
  2. It is also used for drying animal products such as meat.
  • It generates heat or distribute heat which dries up or reduces moisture content of stored produce.

 

The dryer gets rid of moisture by:

  1. Increasing the temperature in the store house.
  2. This leads to the formation of vapour.
  3. The fanning now blows out the hot vapour. 

EVALUATION:   1. Explain the meaning of farm machinery and equipment

  1. Give examples of farm machinery, state their uses and                              how to maintain them

CLASSWORK: As in evaluation

CONCLUSION: The teacher commends the students positively