Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term - Senior Secondary 1

Joints

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TERM – 2ND TERM

WEEK NINE

Class: Senior Secondary School 1

Age: 15 years

Duration: 40 minutes of 5 periods each

Date:

Subject: PHYSICAL EDUCATION

Topic: JOINTS

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to

  1. Define joints
  2. Identify the types of joints
  3. Identify the functions of joints.

INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES: Identification, explanation, questions and answers, demonstration, videos from source

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS: Videos, loud speaker, textbook, pictures,

INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURES

PERIOD 1-2

PRESENTATION

TEACHER’S ACTIVITY

STUDENT’S

ACTIVITY

STEP 1

INTRODUCTION

The teacher explains the meaning of joints and discuss classes of joints.

Students listens attentively to the teacher                                                                          

STEP 2

EXPLANATION

Teacher identify and discusses the functions of the joints.

Students exhibit attentiveness and active engagement

STEP 3

NOTE TAKING

The teacher writes a summarized

note on the board

The students

copy the note in

their books

 

NOTE

JOINTS

Joints, also known as articulations, are the connections between bones in the skeletal system. They allow for varying degrees of movement and flexibility and are classified based on their structure and function. Structurally, joints can be fibrous (connected by dense connective tissue), cartilaginous (connected by cartilage), or synovial (featuring a fluid-filled joint cavity).

Types of joints

Functionally, joints can be classified as:

  1. Synarthroses: Immovable joints (e.g., sutures in the skull).
  2. Amphiarthroses: Slightly movable joints (e.g., the intervertebral discs of the spine).
  3. Diarthroses: Freely movable joints (e.g., the shoulder, hip, and knee).

 Structural Classification:

  1. Fibrous Joints: These joints are connected by dense connective tissue and have no joint cavity. E.g suture, syndesmoses, Gomphoses etc.
  2. Cartilaginous Joints: Bones are connected by cartilage and have no joint cavity e g Synchondroses and Symphyses
  3. Synovial Joints: These joints have a fluid-filled joint cavity enclosed by a joint capsule. They are the most common and allow for a wide range of movement. E.g. Plane (Gliding) Joints, Hinge Joints, Pivot Joints, Condyloid (Ellipsoid) Joints, saddle Joints, Ball-and-Socket Joints.

Functions of the joints

Joints, also known as articulations, are connections between bones in the skeletal system that allow for varying degrees of movement and stability. Their primary functions include:

  1. Movement: Joints facilitate movement by allowing bones to move in relation to each other. Different types of joints enable various ranges and types of motion, such as flexion, extension, rotation, and gliding.
  2. Support and Stability: Joints provide structural stability to the skeletal framework. The design and type of joint, along with the surrounding muscles, tendons, and ligaments, contribute to the overall stability of the body.
  3. Protection of Organs: Some joints play a role in protecting vital organs. For instance, the rib cage joints protect the heart and lungs by forming a sturdy but flexible barrier.
  4. Growth and Development: In children and adolescents, growth plates (epiphyseal plates) located in the joints allow for the growth of long bones. T
  5. Shock Absorption: Certain joints, particularly those in the spine and lower limbs, help absorb and distribute the forces and stresses experienced during activities such as walking, running, and jumping.

EVALUATION: 1. Define joints.

  1. Classify joints based on functionality
  2. Mention 4 functions of the joints.

CLASSWORK: As in evaluation

CONCLUSION: The teacher commends the students positively