Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term - Senior Secondary 1

Term: 2^nd Term

Week: 9

Class: Senior Secondary School 1

Age: 15 years

Duration: 40 minutes of 2 periods each

Date:       

Subject:      Home management

Topic:-       Textiles

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:                  

1. Discuss textiles and different types textiles.          
2. State the origin different types of textiles                                      
3. Identity the characteristics and properties of textiles             
4. Carry out simple tests for identification

INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES: Identification, explanation, questions and answers, demonstration, videos from source

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS: Videos, loud speaker, textbook, pictures

INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURES

PERIOD 1-2

PRESENTATION	TEACHER’S ACTIVITY	STUDENT’S ACTIVITY
STEP 1 INTRODUCTION	The teacher reviews the previous lesson on clothing	Students pay attention
STEP 2 EXPLANATION	She discusses the meaning and types of textiles. She further narrates the origin of different type of textiles	Students pay attention and participates
STEP 3 DEMONSTRATION	She discusses the characteristics and properties of textiles and talks about the simple tests to identify different textiles	Students pay attention and participate
STEP 4 NOTE TAKING	The teacher writes a summarized note on the board	The students copy the note in their books

 

NOTE
TEXTILES
Textile is a fabric (Woven or knitted) made from yarn.

 

TYPES OF TEXTILES
Sources and Types

Textiles are made from many materials. The materials can be classified into four groups – plant, animal, mineral and synthetics.

1. Plant

The fibres which comes from the plants is called plant fibres. Plant fibres are also called vegetable fibres. The plant fibres are listed below:

1. Cotton
2. Linen
3. Jute
4. Hemp
5. Sisal
6. Kapok
7. Ramie
8. Coir
9. Pina

 

2. Animal

There are several animal fibres, each obtained from different sources, but only two are recognized as major textile fibres. They are wool and silk. Minor hair fibres are listed below:

1. Camel
2. Alpaca
3. Mohair
4. Cashmere
5. Rabbit and
6. Qiviut

 

3. Mineral

Asbestos: Asbestos is a natural fibre obtained from varieties of rock. It is a fibrous form of silicate of magnesium and calcium, containing iron, aluminium, and other materials. It is acid proof, rust proof, and flame proof. Consequently it has been used for materials requiring certain of these characteristics.

4. Synthetics

These fibres are generated by man. We do not get these fibres from nature but are generated from natural (cellulose and protein) and chemical substances. 

 

CHARACTERISTICS OF SOME TEXTILES
1. Cotton

• Comfortable: Cotton is incredibly comfortable to wear
• Soft: The cotton plant is naturally soft and fluffy and cotton fabric retains that soft feel
• Natural fibre: Cotton is made from cotton fibres, a natural plant based material
• Absorbent: The space between cotton fibres means cotton is absorbent and can wick moisture from the skin
• Breathable: The gaps in the fibre also makes cotton fabric breathable
• Drapes well: Cotton hangs from the body in a naturally fitting shape
• Durable: Cotton is strong, and actually gets stronger when wet. The secret to any sustainable wardrobe is helping your clothes last longer, which makes cotton perfect for fashion
• Machine washable: Cotton’s strength when wet means you can let the washing machine do the hard work and not have to worry about wear and tear
• Easy to colour/print: cotton fibres can absorb colour well, making it easy to dye
• No static: Cotton does not conduct electricity, therefore you won’t get a static shock like some synthetic fabrics

 

2. Linen

• It is a very strong and durable material, which is why it lasts for so many years. ...
• It protects the skin from ultraviolet rays.
• It is a lightweight material.
• It evaporates water, including sweat.
• It is antibacterial and fungicidal, and neutralises bad odours.

 

3. Wool

• Anti-static — because wool can absorb moisture vapour, it tends not to create static electricity, so it is less likely to cling uncomfortably to your body than other fabrics.
• Anti-wrinkle — at a microscopic level, each wool fibre is like a coiled spring that returns to its natural shape after being bent. This gives wool garments natural wrinkle resistance.
• Biodegradable — When wool is disposed of, it will naturally decompose in soil in a matter of months to years, releasing valuable nutrients back into the earth.
• Biodegradable — When wool is disposed of, it will naturally decompose in soil in a matter of months to years, releasing valuable nutrients back into the earth.
• Breathable — wool fibres can absorb large quantities of moisture vapour then move it away to evaporate into the air. Wool clothing is extremely breathable and less prone to clamminess.
• Elastic — natural elasticity helps wool garments stretch with your body, yet return to their original shape. So fine wool clothing is ideal to wear when exercising.
• Fire-resistant — wool is flame retardant, doesn’t melt and stick to the skin, and even self-extinguishes when the source of flame is removed.
• Nature’s fibre — Wool is grown year-round from a simple blend of water, air, sunshine and grass.
• Odour resistant — in contrast to synthetics,  wool can absorb moisture vapour, which means less sweat on your body. They even absorb and locks away the odours from sweat, which are then released during washing.
• Renewable — every year sheep produce a new fleece, making wool a completely renewable fibre source
• Stain-resistant — wool fibres have a natural protective outer layer that prevents stains from being absorbed. And because wool tends not to generate static, it attracts less dust and lint.
• Soft — Wool fibres are extremely fine, enabling them to bend and feel soft and gentle next to your skin.
• Sun-safe — wool is much better at protecting skin against UV radiation than most synthetics and cotton. So, the whole family will be safer wearing wool on sunny days.
• Sun-safe — wool is much better at protecting skin against UV radiation than most synthetics and cotton. So, the whole family will be safer wearing wool on sunny days.
• Warm and cool — in contrast to synthetics, wool is an active fibre that reacts to changes in body temperature. So, it helps you stay warm when the weather is cold, and cool when the weather is hot.

 

4. Nylon

• Lustrous
• Elastic
• Very strong
• Damage resistant to oil and many chemicals
• Resilient
• Does not absorb water
• Dries quickly

 

5. Silk

Strength is not the first thing what comes to mind thinking about silk. However it’s actually one of the strongest fabrics there is thanks to the special length of the fibers.

Silk is obtained from the cocoon of mulberry silkworm larvae, which is made into a long, continuous thread, which is further used in the production of silk fabric. The process is particularly delicate and time-consuming, which explains the high cost of this fabric. 

Shine. Silk fibers are particularly smooth and straight. It gives the silk fabric its characteristic shine and smoothness, which is why we often choose silk over other fabrics when it comes to glamorous dress. 

Breathability. Silk is an extremely light and breathable fabric that provides maximum air permeability and prevents from overheating during the day. 

Elasticity. With proper care, silk clothing retains its original appearance and shape very well. Silk is flexible enough to allow the garment to regain its shape after stretching to some extent. 

Thermal regulation. Thanks to silk's ability to maintain body temperature, it will help you feel cool in hot weather and warm in cold weather. 

Drying speed. Silk dries very quickly after washing. However, it is best to iron silk while it is still slightly damp, so be careful not to over-dry it. 

Absorbency. Silk can absorb moisture quite well. Water weakens silk fibers, so it should be washed with special care

 

6. Polyester

• Strong
• Crisp, soft hand
• Resistant to stretching and shrinkage
• Washable or dry-cleanable
• Quick drying
• Resilient, wrinkle resistant, excellent pleat retention (if heat set)
• Abrasion resistant
• Resistant to most chemicals
• Because of its low absorbency, stain removal can be a problem
• Static and pilling problems

 

7. Rayon

• Soft and comfortable
• Drapes well
• Highly absorbent
• Dyes and prints well
• No static, no pilling problems
• Fabric can shrink appreciably if washing dry-clean-only rayon
• Washable or dry cleanable. Read the label!

 

SIMPLE BURN TESTS FOR IDENTIFYING TEXTILES

Tests to Check for Silk

The burn check is the most straightforward method of determining whether or not the silk is genuine.

Results:

Visuals: Silk tends to have a slow burn, and there is little fire.

Smell: Burning silk has the same odor as burning hair.

 

Test to check for Cotton

Cotton is a plant fibre.

Results

Visuals: When ignited, it does not shrink from the flame and burns with a yellow flame while in it. It continues to burn when the flame is removed. There is a little grey ash residue after extinguishing.

Smell: It smells like burning paper

 

Test to check for nylon

Visuals: Nylon fabric will leave a hard, bead-like ash that is difficult to crush. The ash will be a light gray or white color.

Smell: Nylon also produces a strong, unpleasant odor similar to burning plastic.

Test to check for polyester

Visual: It leaves behind a hard, shiny plastic-like bead.

Smell: It gives off a chemical/plasticky odour

 

Test to check for linen

Visual: It gives off a flaky, ashy remains

Smell: It burns easily, giving off a smell of burnt paper, leaves or wood 

EVALUATION:    1. Define Textiles

2. State and explain the types of textiles
3. Outline three characteristics of

       a. silk

       b. wool

       c. polyester

2. Discuss the burn test and result for

       a. linen

       b. cotton

       c. nylon

CLASSWORK: As in evaluation

CONCLUSION: The teacher commends the students positively