Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term - Senior Secondary School 1

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  4. Simple farm tools, uses and maintenance

Term: 2nd Term

Week: 9

Class: Senior Secondary School 1

Age: 15 years

Duration: 40 minutes of 2 periods each

Date:       

Subject:    Agriculture

Topic:-       Simple farm tools, uses and maintenance

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to

  1. Define simple farm tools
  2. Give examples of farm tools, state their uses and how to maintain them

INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES: Identification, explanation, questions and answers, demonstration, videos from source

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS: Videos, loud speaker, textbook, pictures

INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURES

PERIOD 1-2

PRESENTATION

TEACHER’S ACTIVITY

STUDENT’S ACTIVITY

STEP 1

INTRODUCTION

The teacher reviews the previous lesson on soil acidity and soil profile

Students pay attention

STEP 2

EXPLANATION

She defines simple farm tools

 

Students pay attention and participates

STEP 3

DEMONSTRATION

She gives examples of simple farm tools, states their uses and describes how they can be maintained

Students pay attention and participate

STEP 4

NOTE TAKING

The teacher writes a summarized note on the board

The students copy the note in their books

 

NOTE

SIMPLE FARM TOOLS, USES AND MAINTENANCE
SIMPLE FARM TOOLS

These are simple and handy tools used mainly by subsistence farmers.  They are designed to help the hands to apply force in farm operations.

Some common simple farm tools and their functions are discussed below.

  1. Cutlass: this is the tool most commonly used by farmers.  There are two main types- one has a slightly curved blade with a short wooden handle, while the other has a straight metal blade and a short wooden handle.  One edge of the metal blade is sharp and the other is blunt.

Function/Uses

  1. For cutting down and clearing bushes and trees.
  2. For transplanting seedlings.
  3. For planting seeds and harvesting crops.
  4. For weeding farmlands.

 

Maintenance

  1. Cutlass should be sharpened regularly
  2. Keep it in a dry and cool place
  3. Metal parts should be oil or greased before storage
  4. It should not be left lying about.

 

  1. HOE: The hoe consists of a metal blade which may either be rounded or slightly rectangular in shape with a wooden handle which can be either long or short.

Function/Uses

  1. Hoe is used for land preparation.
  2. It is used for making ridges and heaps
  3. For planting or transplanting some crops.
  4. For harvesting some crops
  5. It is used for weeding

 

Maintenance

  1. Sharpen blunt blades
  2. Keep in dry and cool places
  3. Oil or grease metal blade before storage
  4. Clean or wash after use.

 

  1. Spade: Spade has a long wooden handle and a broad metal blade. The edge of the metal blade is sharp so that it can easily be driven into the soil.

 

Function /Uses

  1. Spade is used for lifting the soil and completely turning it over.
  2. It is used for leveling the soil.
  3. For digging holes during transplanting
  4. For mixing cement/concentrate for farm structures.

  

Maintenance

  1. Store in a dry and cool place.
  2. Keep away from rain and termite attack on wooden handles
  3. Sharpen the blade regularly.

 

  1. Shovel: is just like the spade.  It has a long wooden handle but the blade of a shovel is hollow and broad with a rectangular or round edge.

 

Function/Uses

  1. It is used for lifting or transferring soil from one place to another
  2. To load materials from ground level into wheel barrow.
  3. For making garden paths.
  4. For leveling the ground and removing stones or rubbish.

 

Maintenance

  1. Store in a dry and cool place
  2. Oil, grease or paint metal parts.
  3. Keep the wooden part away from the attack of termites.
  4. Clean after use.
  5. Garden Fork: Garden fork usually has four prongs or teeth which taper to a point.  The prongs, made of hard metal are about 20cm long, mounted on a long wooden handle of about 70-80cm long.

 

Functions/Uses

  1. It is used for turning manure during compost making
  2. It is used for loosening the soil before transplanting
  3. It is used for loading manure
  4. It is used for loading hay.

 

Maintenance

  1. Apply grease to avoid rusting
  2. Clean after use.
  • Keep in dry and cool place
  1. Paint metal parts before long storage.

 

  1. Hand Fork: The hand fork consists of a piece of metal with three or four short flat prongs.  Some have short wooden handle while others are entirely made of metal. It is mainly used in squatting position because of its small size.

 

Function/Uses

  1. It is used for loosening surface soil or breaking soil clods.
  2. It is used for light weeding.
  3. For mixing small quantity of soil or manure
  4. For working manure into the soil.

 

Maintenance

  1. Store in a dry cool place.
  2. Paint, oil or grease to prevent rusting.
  3. Clean or wash after use.

 

EVALUATION:   1. Explain the meaning of simple farm tools

  1. Give examples of farm tools, state their uses and how                              to maintain them

CLASSWORK: As in evaluation

CONCLUSION: The teacher commends the students positively