Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term - Senior Secondary 1

TERM - 2ND TERM

WEEK SEVEN

Class: Senior Secondary School 1

Age: 15 years

Duration: 40 minutes of 5 periods each

Date:

Subject: PHYSICAL EDUCATION

Topic: THE SKELETAL SYSTEM

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to

1. Describe the skeletal system
2. Identify the forms of the skeletal system
3. Identify the types of skeleton
4. Identify the functions of the skeletal system

INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES: Identification, explanation, questions and answers, demonstration, videos from source

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS: Videos, loud speaker, textbook, pictures,

INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURES

PERIOD 1-2

NOTE

THE SKELETAL SYSTEM

 The skeletal system is the structural framework of the human body, providing support, protection, and movement. It consists of bones, cartilage, ligaments, and tendons that work together to maintain the body's shape, protect vital organs, and facilitate movement.

Forms of the skeletal system

1. Bones: Bones are the primary components of the skeletal system, providing structure, support, and protection. They are composed of living cells and a matrix of collagen fibers and inorganic salts, such as calcium and phosphorus. Bones can be classified into various types, including long bones (e.g., femur), short bones (e.g. carpals), flat bones (e.g. skull), and irregular bones (e.g. vertebrae).
2. Cartilage: Cartilage is a flexible connective tissue that provides cushioning and support in various areas of the body. It is composed of specialized cells called chondrocytes and a matrix of collagen fibers and proteoglycans.
3. Ligaments: Ligaments are bands of fibrous connective tissue that connect bones to other bones, providing stability and support for joints. Ligaments help prevent excessive or abnormal movements and are essential for maintaining proper joint function.
4. Tendons: Tendons are fibrous connective tissues that attach muscles to bones. They help transmit the force generated by muscle contractions, allowing for movement and stability.

Types of skeletal system

The skeletal system can be classified into two main categories based on the location of the skeletal structures: endoskeleton and exoskeleton.

1. Endoskeleton: An endoskeleton is an internal support structure found in most vertebrates, including humans. It consists of bones, cartilage, and ligaments that provide support, protection, and attachment points for muscles.
2. Exoskeleton

An exoskeleton is an external support structure found in many invertebrates, such as insects, crustaceans, and mollusks. It consists of a rigid, protective outer covering made of chitin, calcium carbonate, or other materials that provide support, protection, and attachment points for muscles.

Functions of the skeletal system

The skeletal system serves several critical functions in the human body, including:

1. Support: The skeletal system provides a structural framework that supports the body's shape and helps maintain posture.
2. Protection: The skeletal system safeguards vital organs by encasing them in bones. For example, the skull protects the brain, the rib cage shields the heart and lungs, and the vertebrae enclose the spinal cord.
3. Movement: Bones, muscles, tendons, and ligaments work together to enable movement.
4. Storage of minerals: Bone tissue stores essential minerals, such as calcium and phosphorus, which are required for various physiological processes.
5. Blood cell production: The bone marrow, found within certain bones, is responsible for producing red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, which are essential for oxygen transport, immune response, and blood clotting, respectively.

EVALUATION: 1. Mention the 4 forms of skeletal system

2. Identify 5 functions of the skeletal system
3. Differentiate between Endo and exo skeleton

CLASSWORK: As in evaluation

CONCLUSION: The teacher commends the students positively