Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term - Senior Secondary 1

Weather and climate

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TERM – 2ND TERM

WEEK FIVE

Class: Senior Secondary School 1

Age: 15 years

Duration: 40 minutes of 5 periods each

Date:

Subject: Geography

Topic: Weather and Climate

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to

  1. Differentiate between weather and climate.
  2. Mention the elements of weather and climate (temperature, rainfall, humidity, etc)
  3. Explain the attributes of weather
  4. Discuss factors affecting weather and climate.

INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES: Identification, explanation, questions and answers,

demonstration, videos from source

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS: Videos, loud speaker, textbook, pictures

INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURES

PERIOD 1-2

PRESENTATION

TEACHER’S ACTIVITY

STUDENT’S

ACTIVITY

STEP 1

INTRODUCTION

The teacher introduces weather and climate, and differentiate it before the students.

Students as a whole class, discuss differentiate between weather and climates 

STEP 2

EXPLANATION

Teacher explain the elements of weather and climate.

Teacher also explain the attributes of weather.

Students explains the attributes of weather (variability, aerial extent, duration etc)

STEP 3

DEMONSTRATIO

N

Teacher discusses the factors affecting weather and climate.

Students describe the factors affecting climate (latitude, altitude, ocean currents etc.

STEP 4

NOTE TAKING

The teacher writes a summarized note on the board

 

The students

copy the note in

their books

 

NOTE

WEATHER AND CLIMATE 1

Weather refers to short-term atmospheric conditions in a specific place, including temperature, humidity, precipitation, and wind.

Climate, on the other hand, represents the long-term average of weather patterns in a particular region over an extended period, typically 30 years or more. Weather is what we experience day-to-day, while climate is the overall pattern over an extended timeframe.

Elements of weather and climate

The following are elements of weather and climate:

  1. Temperature: The measure of the warmth or coldness of the air.

Temperature influences daily conditions and is often reported in degrees Celsius or Fahrenheit.

  1. Humidity: The amount of water vapor present in the air. Humidity affects the perception of heat and plays a role in the formation of precipitation.
  2. Precipitation: Any form of water, liquid or solid, falling from the atmosphere to the Earth's surface (e.g., rain, snow, sleet, hail). Precipitation is a crucial aspect of weather, impacting local ecosystems and water resources.
  3. Wind: The movement of air from high-pressure areas to low-pressure areas. Wind influences weather patterns and can range from gentle breezes to strong storms.
  4. Pressure: The force exerted by air molecules in the atmosphere.

 Atmospheric pressure influences weather conditions, with high-pressure areas often associated with fair weather and low-pressure areas with stormy conditions.

  1. Solar Radiation: The amount of sunlight received by an area, influencing temperature and climate. Solar radiation plays a key role in determining the overall climate, impacting temperature distribution across the globe.

Attributes of Weather

  1. Cloud Cover (Cloudy or Clear Skies): Refers to the amount and thickness of clouds in the sky. Cloudy weather means the sky is partially or completely covered by clouds, while clear skies indicate minimal or no cloud cover.
  2. Sunlight Intensity (Sunny or Overcast): Describes the amount of sunlight reaching the Earth's surface. Sunny weather implies bright, direct sunlight, while overcast conditions indicate diffuse or muted sunlight due to cloud cover.
  3. Precipitation (Rainy or Dry): Relates to any form of water, liquid or solid, falling from the atmosphere to the Earth's surface. Rainy weather involves liquid precipitation (rain), while dry weather means no significant precipitation is occurring.
  4. Wind Speed (Windy or Calm): Refers to the speed at which air is moving. Windy conditions involve higher air movement, while calm weather indicates low or negligible wind speeds.

Factors Affecting Climate

  1. Latitude: The distance from the equator, affecting the amount of solar energy received. Tropical regions receive more direct sunlight, leading to warmer climates.
  2. Altitude: Elevation above sea level influences temperature; generally, temperature decreases with higher altitudes.
  3. Ocean Currents: The movement of water in the oceans affects the transfer of heat around the Earth, influencing coastal climates.
  4. Topography: The physical features of the land, such as mountains and valleys, impact local climates by affecting wind patterns and precipitation.
  5. Distance from Oceans: Proximity to large water bodies moderates temperature variations, resulting in milder climates compared to inland areas.
  6. Wind Patterns: Prevailing winds distribute heat and moisture, influencing climate patterns.
  7. Greenhouse Gases: The concentration of gases like carbon dioxide in the atmosphere contributes to the greenhouse effect, influencing overall temperature patterns.
  8. Human Activities: Human-induced factors, such as deforestation and industrial emissions, can contribute to climate change.

EVALUATION: 1. Differentiate between weather and climate

  1. Give and explain 5 elements of weather and climate
  2. Identify 5 attributes of weather.
  3. Mention 4 factors affecting weather and climate 00

CLASSWORK: As in evaluation

CONCLUSION: The teacher commends the students positively