Animal Husbandry - Senior Secondary 1 - Reproduction process of livestock

TERM: 2^ND TERM

WEEK THREE

Class: Senior Secondary School 1

Age: 15 years

Duration: 40 minutes of 5 periods each

Date:

Subject: ANIMAL HUSBANDRY

Topic: REPRODUCTION PROCESS OF LIVESTOCK

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to

I.) Discuss the reproduction process in poultry with emphasis on e.g. formation.

INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES: Identification, explanation, questions and answers, demonstration, videos from source

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS: Videos, loud speaker, textbook, pictures,

INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURES

PERIOD 1-2

NOTE

REPRODUCTION PROCESS OF LIVESTOCK

The reproduction process in poultry, particularly in chickens, involves several stages, with a focus on egg formation. The following is the reproduction process in poultry:

1. Puberty: Chickens reach sexual maturity, or puberty, at different ages depending on factors such as breed and environmental conditions. Typically, pullets (young female chickens) reach puberty at around 5-6 months of age.
2. Reproductive Tract: Female chickens have a reproductive tract consisting of the ovary, oviduct, and shell gland (uterus). The ovary contains clusters of follicles, each containing an ovum (egg). During the reproductive cycle, one of the follicles matures into a fully developed ovum, which is released into the oviduct.
3. Ovulation: Ovulation in chickens occurs daily, usually in the late afternoon or early evening. The mature ovum is released from the ovary and enters the infundibulum, the first part of the oviduct. Ovulation is triggered by hormonal signals, including luteinizing hormone (LH) and estrogen.
4. Fertilization: If mating has occurred, sperm from the rooster fertilizes the ovum in the infundibulum, resulting in the formation of a fertilized egg, or zygote. Fertilization usually occurs within 15-30 minutes after ovulation.
5. Egg Formation: The fertilized egg moves through the oviduct, where it undergoes various stages of development and receives the necessary egg components. The oviduct consists of several regions: magnum, isthmus, and uterus (shell gland).

   - Magnum: The magnum is the first part of the oviduct where the egg white (albumen) is secreted and deposited around the yolk. The egg spends about 3 hours in the magnum.

   - Isthmus: The isthmus is the next part of the oviduct, where the inner and outer shell membranes are added to the egg. The isthmus also secretes some additional egg white. The egg spends about 1 hour in the isthmus.

   - Uterus (Shell Gland): The uterus, or shell gland, is the final part of the oviduct where the shell of the egg is formed. The shell is composed mainly of calcium carbonate and is deposited around the egg in layers. The egg spends around 20 hours in the uterus.

6. Egg Laying: Once the egg is fully formed, it is laid by the hen through the cloaca. The egg is then expelled from the hen's body and collected in the nesting area. Hens typically lay eggs in the morning, with peak laying occurring in the late morning or early afternoon.
7. Incubation: If the egg is fertilized and conditions are suitable, it can be incubated to develop into a chick. Incubation can occur naturally if the hen sits on the eggs (broody hen) or artificially in an incubator. The incubation period for chicken eggs is approximately 21 days.

EVALUATION: 1. Identify and describe all the processes involved in poultry reproduction

CLASSWORK: As in evaluation

CONCLUSION: The teacher commends the students positively