Animal Husbandry - Senior Secondary 1 - Reproduction process of livestock

TERM: 2^ND TERM

WEEK TWO

Class: Senior Secondary School 1

Age: 15 years

Duration: 40 minutes of 5 periods each

Date:

Subject: ANIMAL HUSBANDRY

Topic:  REPRODUCTION PROCESS OF LIVESTOCK

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to

I.) Discuss the reproduction process in ruminants e.g. cattle, sheep & goat.

INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES: Identification, explanation, questions and answers, demonstration, videos from source

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS: Videos, loud speaker, textbook, pictures,

INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURES

PERIOD 1-2

NOTE

REPRODUCTION PROCESS OF LIVESTOCK

The reproduction process in ruminants, such as cattle, sheep, and goats, involves several stages and physiological events. Below are the reproduction process in ruminants:

1. Puberty: Ruminants reach sexual maturity, or puberty, at different ages depending on factors such as breed, nutrition, and management practices. Typically, cattle reach puberty at around 9-15 months of age, while sheep and goats reach puberty at 5-12 months.
2. Oestrus Cycle: Ruminants, like other mammals, undergo an oestrus cycle, also known as the estrous cycle. The oestrus cycle consists of several stages: proestrus, oestrus (heat), metestrus, and diestrus. During oestrus, which lasts for about 12-48 hours, females exhibit signs of sexual receptivity and are most fertile.
3. Ovulation: Ovulation in ruminants occurs near the end of oestrus, triggered by a surge in luteinizing hormone (LH) released from the anterior pituitary gland. Ovulation is the release of a mature egg (ovum) from the ovary into the oviduct, where it can be fertilized by sperm.
4. Mating: Mating or breeding occurs during the female's oestrus period. Male ruminants, or bulls/rams/bucks, detect females in heat through olfactory cues and behavioral signals. They mount the female and deposit semen containing sperm into her reproductive tract, where fertilization can occur.
5. Fertilization: If mating is successful, fertilization occurs when sperm from the male fuses with the egg released from the female's ovary. Fertilization typically occurs in the oviduct.
6. Gestation: After fertilization, the fertilized egg, now called a zygote, undergoes cell division and implants itself into the uterine wall. Gestation, or pregnancy, begins at this point and lasts for a specific duration depending on the species: approximately 9 months for cattle, 5 months for sheep, and 5 months for goats.
7. Parturition: Parturition, or giving birth, marks the end of gestation and the beginning of the lactation period. Prior to parturition, females undergo physiological and behavioral changes, such as udder development and seeking out a suitable birthing location.
8. Lactation: After giving birth, the female begins lactating, producing and secreting milk from her mammary glands to nourish her offspring.

EVALUATION: 1. Identify and describe all the processes of reproduction in ruminant animals

CLASSWORK: As in evaluation

CONCLUSION: The teacher commends the students positively