Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term - Senior Secondary School 1

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  4. nvironmental factors that affect agricultural pro

Term: 2nd Term

Week: 2

Class: Senior Secondary School 1

Age: 15 years

Duration: 40 minutes of 2 periods each

Date:       

Subject:    Agriculture

Topic:- Environmental factors that affect agricultural production

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to

  1. List and explain the environmental factors that affect agricultural production

INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES: Identification, explanation, questions and answers, demonstration, videos from source

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS: Videos, loud speaker, textbook, pictures

INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURES

PERIOD 1-2

PRESENTATION

TEACHER’S ACTIVITY

STUDENT’S ACTIVITY

STEP 1

INTRODUCTION

The teacher reviews the previous lesson on agro-allied industries

Students pay attention

STEP 2

EXPLANATION

She lists the environmental factors that affect agricultural production

Students pay attention and participates

STEP 3

DEMONSTRATION

She discusses the influences of each factor on agricultural production

Students pay attention and participate

STEP 4

NOTE TAKING

The teacher writes a summarized note on the board

The students copy the note in their books

 

NOTE

ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS THAT AFFECT AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION

Environmental factors affecting agricultural production can be grouped into:

  1. Climate factors
  2. Biotic factors
  3. Edaphic factors.

 

  1. CLIMATE FACTORS: This is defined as the average weather condition of a place measured over a long period of time. Factors of climate include rainfall, relative humidity, temperature, light, wind, pressure.

1). RAINFALL: Is defined as the amount and distribution of water precipitation within a given time in a given area.

RAINFALL DISTRIBUTION AND PATTERN: West Africa is known for its high temperature throughout the year. It is brought about by the south- west monsoon trade wind blowing from the Atlantic Ocean.

The wind blowing from the ocean to the inland drops some water. A narrow part of the coast has rainfall throughout the year against the rest of the region. As we move from the coast, the amount of rainfall decreases. By the time the wind get to the northern part of the country, there is little or no moisture left in it. Here, less rainfall is experienced per year. In the coastal area, the raining season ranges from 8 months to the all year round while in the north, raining season lasts only 3 to 4 months. The moisture required affects crop and livestock production. In the coastal areas more of the southern parts, crops adapted to heavy rainfall predominantly trees, yam, maize, rice, fruit, banana, etc. Much animal rearing does not take place here due to high humidity rate which exposes the animals to tsetse fly infection.

Only animals which can resist the attack of trypanosomiasis can be seen in this area. Examples are N’dama and Muturu breeds of cattle, dwarf sheep and goat, poultry. Those crops that can thrive well in the northern part with little rainfall or resistance to drought are guinea corn, millet, groundnut, cowpeas, cotton etc.

IMPORTANCE/EFFECT OF RAINFALL

  1. It determines the distribution of crops and animals.
  2. It helps to dissolve nutrients in the soil making it available for plant use
  3. It is necessary for seed germination.
  4. Excessive rainfall leads to leaching of nutrients and causes soil erosion.
  5. It determines the type of vegetation of an area.
  6. Insufficient rainfall causes crop failure and poor yield.

2). TEMPERATURE: Is defined as a measure of the heat energy which a body contains or the degree of hotness or coolness of a place, at a point in time. Temperature varies from the coastal areas to extreme north. In the dry season, temperature is not high in the coaster area as against the north which is extremely high.

IMPORTANCE/EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE

1          It affects the distribution of crops and animals.

  1. Necessary for germination of seed.
  2. Unfavorable temperature may result in seed dormancy
  3. High temperature may cause premature dropping of fruits and sudden death of livestock in heat stress.
  4. High temperature reduces the performance of livestock.

3). SUNLIGHT

IMPORTANCE/INFLUENCE

  1. It is necessary for photosynthesis.
  2. It affects the rate of production in poultry.
  3. It affects evapo- transpiration. 

4). WIND

INFLUENCE/IMPORTANCE

1)         High wind may cause wind erosion.

2)         It aids seed and fruit dispersal

3)         It can aid pollination and spread of disease.

4)         It helps in the distribution of rainfall and changes in seasons e.g. rainy and dry season

5)         High wind velocity causes damages to crops.

 

  1. RELATIVE HUMIDITY

INFLUENCE

  1. It results in the formation of rain.
  2. It affects the performance of crops and animals
  3. High humidity in poultry causes moldiness of feed and litters.
  4. Low humidity leads to heat stress in animals.
  5. Relative humidity determines the type of pests prevalent in an area.
  6. High relative humidity forms the re-growth of disease pathogen.

 

EVALUATION:   1. List the environmental factors that affect agricultural production

  1. Discuss the influence of the environmental factors on agricultural production

CLASSWORK: As in evaluation

CONCLUSION: The teacher commends the students positively