Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term - Senior Secondary School 1

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  4. Simple farm tools, uses and maintenance III

Term: 2nd Term

Week: 11

Class: Senior Secondary School 1

Age: 15 years

Duration: 40 minutes of 2 periods each

Date:       

Subject:    Agriculture

Topic:-       Simple farm tools, uses and maintenance III

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to

  1. Define simple farm tools
  2. Give examples of farm tools, state their uses and how to maintain them

INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES: Identification, explanation, questions and answers, demonstration, videos from source

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS: Videos, loud speaker, textbook, pictures

INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURES

PERIOD 1-2

PRESENTATION

TEACHER’S ACTIVITY

STUDENT’S ACTIVITY

STEP 1

INTRODUCTION

The teacher reviews the previous lesson on simple farm tools

Students pay attention

STEP 2

EXPLANATION

She defines simple farm tools

 

Students pay attention and participates

STEP 3

DEMONSTRATION

She gives examples of simple farm tools, states their uses and describes how they can be maintained

Students pay attention and participate

STEP 4

NOTE TAKING

The teacher writes a summarized note on the board

The students copy the note in their books

 

NOTE

SIMPLE FARM TOOLS, USES AND MAINTENANCE

  1. Mattock

Mattock consists of a small wooden handle and a double-headed metal head. The mattock is essentially a small axe and hoe combined in one.

 

Functions/Uses

  1. It is used for digging and uprooting small stumps
  2. It is used for loosening of stones, roots and hard plants in the sol and digging of soil
  3. It is used in clearing bush and weeding farms

 

Maintenance

  1. Clean after use
  2. Store in a cool, dry place.
  3. Sharpen metal blade
  4. Paint, grease or oil metal parts before storage for a long time.

 

  1. Pruning saw

Pruning saw is flat and made of flexible metal, its handle is wooden. Both edges of the saw have sharp pointed teeth.

 

Function/Uses

  1. It is used for cutting wood or log
  2. For pruning operations
  3. For falling of trees
  4. It is also used for cutting of budded seedlings.

 

Maintenance

  1. Sharpen the teeth regularly
  2. Grease or oil metal parts before storage
  3. Store in a cool, dry place

 

  1. Sickle: The sickle has a curved blade fitted to a short handle.  The inner edge of the metal blade is sharp while the outer edge is blunt.

 

Function/Uses

  1. It is used for harvesting fruits/cereal crops
  2. For cutting grass pasture for animals
  3. It can also be used for light weeding of vegetable plants

 

Maintenance

  1. Sharpen the inner edge/blade regularly
  2. Store in a dry, cool place
  3. Paint or oil before storage for a long time.

 

  1. Harvesting Knife

Harvesting knife has a very long wooden pole or handle with a small curved metal blade at the end.  It also has a short, strong blade close to the curved end.

 

Functions/Uses

  1. It is used for harvesting some crops e.g cocoa, oil palm, mango, orange, kolanut, etc.
  2. It is also used for light pruning.

 

Maintenance

  1. Keep away from rain to avoid rusting
  2. Keep in termite free area
  3. Sharpen the blade regularly
  4. Oil or grease the metal parts before storage.

 

  1. Wheel barrow

The wheel barrow is a large meal or wooden container with one wheel at the front, two handles at the rear and below and two legs which support the container.  It is pushed by raising the rear end slightly so that the main weight is taken up by the front wheel.  Tools which can perform the same function as the wheel barrow include headpan, bucket, tractor – mounted container and container driven by work animals.

 

Functions/Uses

  1. It is used for carrying farm inputs e.g fertilizers, seeds etc
  2. It is used for carrying farm outputs e.g harvested crops, slaughtered animals etc
  3. It is used for transplanting seedlings
  4. It is also used for carrying load/materials to the market.

 

Maintenance

  1. Clean the tool after use
  2. Replace worn-out parts
  • Paint the tool if necessary
  1. Store in dry, cool place
  2. Tighten bolts and nuts on wheels properly.

 

  1. Shears

The shears are in enlarged pair of scissors or, are scissors-like in shape.  They possess two long metal blades and two handles which may be wooden, metal, rubber or plastic.  The blades are sharpened at one edge and are connected to the pivot by bolt and nut.

 

Function/Uses

  1. Shears are used for pruning operations
  2. They are also used for trimming flower hedges.
  3. They can be used for cutting flowers.

 

Maintenance

  1. Store in a cool, dry place
  2. Sharpen the blades properly
  3. Keep away from rain to prevent rusting
  4. Clean or wash after use.

 

 

  1. Secateurs

It is scissors-like in shape but small in size.  It consists of two short, metal blades-one with a concave curve and the other with a convex curve joined as a pivot by bolt and nut.  It possesses two short wooden or metal handles.  It usually has a spring between the handles.

 

Function/Uses

  1. It is used for pruning shrubs, ornamental plants and for weeding.
  2. It is used for trimming hedges or shrubs
  3. It is used for cutting bud, wood or scion and the root stock.

 

Maintenance

  1. Metal blades should be washed or cleaned after use
  2. Blades should be sharpened when necessary
  3. Keep in termite-free area to protect wooden handles
  4. Tighten bolt and nut when loosened.
  5. Store in a cool, dry place.

 

  1. Hammer

Hammer is a tool with a heavy, metal head on a short wooden handle.  The metal head has two ends-one is the flat ball end and the other end is prong-like.

 

Function/Uses

  1. Hammer is used for straightening damaged or bent components of farm implements.
  2. It is used for driving nails into the wooden parts of farm structures/equipment
  3. The ball end is used for riveting.
  4. The prolonged end is used for removing nails from wood.

 

Maintenance

  1. Keep in dry, cool place.
  2. Store in termite-free area to protect wooden handle
  3. Grease or oil metal part before storage for a long time.

 

  1. Pliers

A pair of pliers is a small metal tool with jaws which normally have parallel toothed surfaces, used for gripping.

 

Functions/Uses

  1. It is used for gripping firmly and for twisting wires;
  2. For holding or handling bolts and nuts
  3. For handling small objects;
  4. For cutting, especially wires and other cables.

 

Maintenance

  1. Store tool in a dry, cool place.
  2. Oil or grease metal parts.

 

  1. Spanner

A spanner is a hand tool which consists of a small bar of steel having an open or close grip or jaw at one or both ends.  This fits over or clamps the head of a bolt and can be used either to turn it or hold it in position.

Some spanners are adjustable.

 

Functions/Uses

  1. It is used for loosening nuts/bolts on farm machines
  2. For tightening nuts on farm machineries

 

Maintenance Practices

  1. Keep in a dry, cool place
  2. Keep away from moist areas or rain to avoid rusting
  3. Grease or oil before being put away for a long time.

 

EVALUATION:   1. Explain the meaning of simple farm tools

  1. Give examples of farm tools, state their uses and how                              to maintain them

CLASSWORK: As in evaluation

CONCLUSION: The teacher commends the students positively