Mathematics - Senior Secondary 1

TERM: 1^ST TERM

WEEK: 8

Class: Senior Secondary School 1
Age: 15 years
Duration: 40 minutes of 5 periods
Subject: Mathematics
Topic: Logarithms (III)
Focus: Calculations involving power and roots using logarithm tables, solving practical problems using logarithm tables related to the capital market, and explaining capital market operations.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

Use logarithm and antilogarithm tables for calculations involving powers and roots.
Apply logarithms to solve practical problems related to the capital market.
Understand and explain the concept of capital market operations.
Use logarithm tables to multiply large numbers in capital market operations.

INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES:

Demonstration
• Guided practice
• Group discussions
• Problem-solving exercises
• Real-life examples and application

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS:

Logarithm tables
• Logarithm table booklets
• Whiteboard and markers
• Charts illustrating logarithm calculations
• Worksheets with practice exercises

PERIOD 1 & 2: Calculations Involving Powers and Roots Using Logarithm Tables

PRESENTATION:

Step	Teacher’s Activity	Student’s Activity
Step 1 - Introduction	Explains the use of logarithm and antilogarithm tables in simplifying calculations of powers and roots. Introduces the basic structure of logarithm tables and their importance in reducing complex calculations.	Students listen attentively and ask questions about how the logarithm tables work.
Step 2 - Power Calculation	Demonstrates how to calculate powers using logarithms. Example: Find 10^3 using the table. Teacher shows the process of looking up the logarithm of 10 and multiplying it by the exponent.	Students follow the teacher’s demonstration and take notes.
Step 3 - Root Calculation	Demonstrates how to calculate roots using logarithms. Example: Find √1000. Teacher shows how to take the logarithm, divide by 2, and then look up the antilogarithm.	Students follow the teacher’s process and practice examples in pairs.
Step 4 - Guided Practice	Provides additional practice exercises using logarithm tables for both powers and roots.	Students practice in pairs or small groups, using logarithm tables to solve the problems.

NOTE ON BOARD:

To calculate powers: Look up the log of the base, multiply by the exponent, and find the antilog.
To calculate roots: Find the log, divide by the root number (e.g., for square root, divide by 2), then find the antilog.

PERIOD 3 & 4: Solving Practical Problems Using Logarithm Tables Related to Capital Market

PRESENTATION:

Step	Teacher’s Activity	Student’s Activity
Step 1 - Introduction to Capital Market	Introduces the concept of the capital market, explaining how logarithms can be used to solve real-life problems related to investments, interest rates, and stock market calculations.	Students listen and ask questions to clarify their understanding of the capital market.
Step 2 - Practical Application	Explains how logarithms are applied in the capital market to solve problems like calculating compound interest and stock prices. Teacher gives an example of calculating compound interest over time using logarithm tables.	Students observe the example and take notes.
Step 3 - Guided Problem Solving	Provides a capital market-related problem, such as calculating the growth of an investment over time using logarithm tables.	Students work in pairs or small groups, solving the problem with guidance.
Step 4 - Independent Practice	Gives more complex capital market problems for individual practice. Teacher walks around to provide support.	Students solve the problems independently, using the logarithm tables.

NOTE ON BOARD:
Example problem:
If a principal amount of ₦5000 is invested at a rate of 5% per annum, calculate the total amount after 10 years using the compound interest formula with logarithms.

PERIOD 5: Using Logarithms in Multiplying Large Numbers in Capital Market Operations

PRESENTATION:

Step	Teacher’s Activity	Student’s Activity
Step 1 - Introduction	Explains how large numbers are often encountered in the capital market and how logarithms simplify multiplication. Teacher introduces the process of multiplying large numbers using logarithm tables.	Students listen and ask questions about how logarithms help in multiplying large numbers.
Step 2 - Multiplication Using Logarithms	Demonstrates how to multiply large numbers by adding their logarithms and then finding the antilog of the result. Example: Multiply 1000 × 5000 using the table.	Students follow the teacher’s demonstration and take notes.
Step 3 - Guided Practice	Provides several multiplication problems for students to solve using logarithms. Teacher guides them step-by-step.	Students solve multiplication problems in pairs, using logarithms for their calculations.
Step 4 - Independent Practice	Gives more complex multiplication problems for students to solve individually.	Students solve the problems on their own with minimal guidance.

NOTE ON BOARD:

To multiply using logarithms:

Find the logarithms of both numbers.
Add the logarithms together.
Find the antilog of the sum to get the result.

EVALUATION (5 Exercises):

Calculate 10^4 using the logarithm table.
Find √1000 using the logarithm table.
Use the logarithm table to calculate the compound interest on an investment of ₦2000 at 6% per annum for 5 years.
Multiply 12345 × 67890 using the logarithm table.
Explain how logarithms can be used in solving capital market problems.

CLASSWORK (5 Questions):

Use the logarithm table to find 5^6.
Find the square root of 2500 using the logarithm table.
Solve a compound interest problem using logarithms: What is the amount for ₦3000 invested at 4% for 8 years?
Multiply 456 × 789 using logarithms.
Solve a practical problem related to stock prices using logarithms.

ASSIGNMENT (5 Tasks):

Research a capital market operation where logarithms are essential.
Use the logarithm table to calculate 2^10.
Find the cube root of 512 using logarithms.
Solve a compound interest problem for ₦1500 invested at 7% for 3 years using logarithms.

Describe the role of logarithms in simplifying financial calculations in the capital market.

Mathematics - Senior Secondary 1 - Logarithms (III)