Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term - Senior Secondary 1

Fabric finishes: Mercerizing and sanforizing

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TERM – 1ST TERM

WEEK SEVEN

Class: Senior Secondary School 1

Age: 15 years

Duration: 40 minutes of 5 periods each

Date:

Subject: CLOTHING AND TEXTILE

Topic: FABRIC FINISHES: MERCERIZING AND SANFORIZING

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to

I.)  Define fabric finishes

II.) Identify the types of fabric finishes

III.) Explain beautification of fabric

INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES: Identification, explanation, questions and answers, demonstration, videos from source

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS: Videos, loud speaker, textbook, pictures,

INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURES

PERIOD 1-2

PRESENTATION

TEACHER’S ACTIVITY

STUDENT’S

ACTIVITY

STEP 1

INTRODUCTION

The teacher explains the meaning of fabric finishes and discuss it's types

Students listens attentively to the teacher                                                                          

STEP 2

EXPLANATION

Teacher discusses the beautification of fabric and state the common methods of beautification.

Students exhibit attentiveness and active engagement

STEP 3

NOTE TAKING

The teacher writes a summarized

note on the board

The students

copy the note in

their books

 

NOTE

FABRIC FINISHES: MERCERIZING AND SANFORIZING

Fabric Finishes

Fabric finishes are treatments applied to textiles after weaving or knitting to enhance their properties, improve performance, and add value. These finishes can affect the texture, appearance, durability, and functionality of the fabric.

Basic fabric finishes

Basic fabric finishes are applied to textiles to enhance their appearance, hand feel, durability, and performance. These finishes can be categorized into several types based on their functions and effects. Some common basic fabric finishes include:

  1. Singeing: Singeing involves passing the fabric over a flame or heated metal plates to burn off protruding fibers or surface fuzz. This process creates a smoother surface, reduces pilling, and improves fabric handle and appearance.
  2. Desizing: Desizing removes sizing agents or starches applied to the fabric during the weaving process. Desizing treatments typically involve enzymatic or chemical methods to dissolve or break down the sizing materials, making the fabric softer, more absorbent, and easier to dye or finish.
  3. Scouring: Scouring is a process that removes natural impurities, oils, waxes, and other contaminants from the fabric surface. It involves washing the fabric with detergent or alkali solutions to clean and prepare it for subsequent finishing treatments and dyeing processes.
  4. Bleaching: Bleaching is used to whiten or lighten the color of textiles by removing natural pigments, stains, or discolorations. Bleaching agents such as hydrogen peroxide or sodium hypochlorite are applied to the fabric to break down chromophores and achieve the desired level of whiteness.
  5. Mercerization: Mercerization is a treatment applied to cotton fabrics to increase their luster, strength, and affinity for dyes. The fabric is treated with a concentrated caustic soda solution under tension, causing the fibers to swell, straighten, and become more reflective, resulting in a smoother, silkier appearance.
  6. Calendering: Calendering involves passing the fabric between heated rollers under pressure to flatten the surface, improve smoothness, and enhance luster. Calendering can create a variety of surface effects, including embossing, glazing, or moiré patterns, depending on the roller configuration and temperature settings.
  7. Sanforizing: Sanforizing is a mechanical finishing process used to pre-shrink cotton and other cellulosic fabrics to minimize shrinkage during laundering. The fabric is subjected to controlled tension and compression between rubber-covered rollers, followed by heat treatment, to stabilize its dimensions and improve dimensional stability.

Beautification of Fabric

Beautification processes enhance the aesthetic appeal of textiles, making them visually attractive and pleasing to the senses. These processes focus on improving the appearance, texture, and overall look of the fabric. Below are some common methods used for beautifying fabric:

  1. Dyeing: Adds color to the fabric through immersion in dye solutions.
  2. Printing: Applies patterns or designs to the fabric using techniques such as screen printing, digital printing, or block printing.
  3. Embossing: Creates raised patterns or textures on the fabric surface using engraved rollers.
  4. Peach Finish: Gives the fabric a soft, suede-like feel by lightly abrading the surface.
  5. Calendering: Produces a smooth, shiny surface on the fabric by passing it through heated rollers.
  6. Shearing: Trims surface fibers to a uniform length, creating a smooth and even texture.
  7. Glazing: Creates a glossy or shiny appearance on the fabric surface by applying pressure and heat.

EVALUATION: 1.  What is fabric finishes?

  1. Mention 5 types of fabric finishes
  2. What is beautification of fabric?

CLASSWORK: As in evaluation

CONCLUSION: The teacher commends the students positively